近30年来中国农村居民食物消费的生态足迹分析#br#

 【目的】食物消费占用了包括耕地在内的各种农用地资源,本文从包括耕地在内的全部农用地资源角度,动态分析农村居民食物消费,以便更全面合理地评估食物消费结构变化对农用地资源需求的影响。【方法】首次对中国主要食物消费项目的用地类型和折算因子进行探讨,运用改进因子的生态足迹模型对中国近30年来农村居民食物消费的生态压力进行了宏观估算和动态分析。【结果】中国农村居民食物消费结构变化对各类用地的总体占用从1980年的1.465标准亩增加到2006年的1.782标准亩,2000年后农村居民食物消费结构变化使直接耕地资源占用显著下降。中国农村居民食物消费支出和食物足迹近30年来保持强相关性,人均肉类水产足迹的支出弹性为0.43。【结论】近30年来中国农村居民食物消费的总生态压力非稳定性增加,主要是食物消费模式的变化（耗粮型动物产品和水产消费增加）导致的农用地资源压力。通过固定单产和可变单产的人均食物足迹差异分析表明,中国耕地生产力的提高大大缓解了中国农村居民在食物消费结构升级过程中的资源压力。

Ecological Footprint Analysis of Food Consumption of Chinese Rural Households in the Latest 30 Years

Objective] Food consumption appropriate not only arable land but grassland and other various agricultural land resources . It is of great use of dynamic analysis of ecological appropriation for food consumption of Chinese rural households from the perspective of total agricultural land resources and then overall evaluation of resource basis to ensure food security with structure upgrading of food consumption. Method] The appropriated land categories and domestic conversion factors of food consumption items were firsty discussed. Accordingly, the ecological footprint (EF) model with refined factors was applied to macro-estimate the ecological pressure of food consumption and the changes of Chinese rural residents in the latest 30 years. Result] The study indicated that ecological appropriation increased from 1.465 national standard mu (nsm) in 1980 to 1.782 nsm in 2006 with the changes of Chinese food consumption structure of rural residents, and especially the direct appropriated arable land has declined dramatically since 2000. Food EF had a strong correlation with expenditure on food over the period, furthermore, it can be evidently proved by an elasticity of per capita meat and aquatic products EF 0.43. Conclusion] The overall ecological pressure of food EF of Chinese rural residents has increased unsteadily, as the grain-consuming animal products and aquatic product contributed to this. The comparison of dynamic analysis of food EF calculated by fixed yields per unit area and variable yields per unit area indicated that higher productivity of arable land has greatly alleviated the pressure on resources demanded by the process of structure upgrading of the food consumption of rural residents in China.