马铃薯“大西洋”干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

采用盆栽试验研究了脱毒马铃薯(大西洋)的干物质积累及其氮,磷、钾养分的吸收,积累和分配特征.结果表明,大西洋在生育前期生长迅速,块茎形成早,根、茎、叶在花期达到最大生长量;根系、茎叶和块茎的干物质积累速率分别在孕蕾期、现蕾期和花期最快,对养分的吸收、积累星同样的动态;在生育前期,干物质及养分主要分配在叶片中,随着植株生长和块茎形成、膨大,在块茎中的分配逐渐增加,到成熟时,块茎中干物质及氮、磷、钾养分分配占全株的80%以上.大西洋植株的干物质及氮、磷、钾素积累动态与出苗后天数间可用三次函数较好拟合.大西洋对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.175:2.142;生产500 kg块茎,需吸收氮素(N)1.609 kg.磷素(P2O5)0.281 kg,钾素(K2O)3.445 kg.

Analysis on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Nutrition Characteristics of Potato Atlantic

Free-virus potato seed were used to investigate the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition characteristics of Atlantic by pot experiment.The result showed that the plant grew rapidly during the earlier growing stage, and the tuber emergence was early.The accumulation rate of root was fastest in bud stage while stems and leaves were in squaring stage and tuber was in flowering stage with the same trends of absorption and accumulation of nutrition.During the earlier growing stage, dry matter and nutrition distributed main in leaves.With the development of plant and the tuberization and expansion, the distribution in tuber ascended and reached over 80%.The relativity of accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the days after emergence for Atlantic can well fitted with trinomial function.The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Atlantic were nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P₂O₅): potassium (K₂O)=1:0.175:2.142, that is, the absorption amount of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O for formantion of 500 kg tubers was (N) 1.609 kg, phosphorus (P₂O₅) 0.281 kg and potassium (K₂O) 3.445 kg respectively.