鸡传染性支气管炎病毒免疫机制和免疫预防研究进展

由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus，IBV）引起的鸡传染性支气管炎（Infectious bronchitis，IB）是高度传染的全球性鸡病之一，严重危害养鸡业。IBV众多的血清型及其基因组的不断变异，给IB的免疫防控带来很大的困难。IBV主要侵害鸡的呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和消化系统，病鸡出现呼吸困难、产蛋下降、肾炎和腺胃炎等症状和病变。IBV的特点是变异频繁，血清型复杂，所致疾病的临床表现差异很大。因此，IB已成为养禽业最难控制的疫病之一。鸡对IBV的免疫机制是国内外研究的热点之一。传统疫苗已不能完全保护免疫鸡群，开发IBV基因工程疫苗，从主要免疫原性蛋白的良好表达到免疫策略的不断完善，已成为未来预防IB的趋势。

Progress on IBV Immune Mechanisms and Immune Prevention and Control

Infectious bronchitis(IB) is an acute,highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).IBV circulates in chickens worldwide and induces serious economic consequences in poultry industry.Vaccination is the most efficacious measures to prevent this disease.However,IBV has a lot of serotypes,and its genome evolves continually.This makes the control of IBV more difficult.IBV most commonly affects the respiratory system,genitourinary system and digestive system in chicken with symptoms including dyspnea,egg production drop,nephritis and proventriculitis,etc.IBV is characterized by frequent variations and complex serotypes,which lead to great differences in the clinical manifestations.IB has become one of the most difficult diseases to control.The immune mechanisms of infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) on chicken is one of the hot spots at home and abroad.The traditional vaccine has not been able to protect the immunized chicken group completely.Developing IBV genetic engineering vaccine,from the main immunogenic protein's good expression to the immune strategy's consummation,has become the tendency for preventing IB in the future.