四种不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成

为了解浙江省不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成,于2013—2014年对松阳县4种茶园的节肢动物群落数量、时空格局和茶丛上层益害生物比及其动态进行了调查。结果表明:林间茶园害虫、天敌物种数和总物种数显著大于其它3种茶园;林间茶园天敌个体数最多,丰产茶园害虫个体数和总个体数最多。在垂直分布上,天敌个体数在母穗园、林间茶园中以上层最多,在丰产茶园和两行密植茶园中以中层最多;害虫个体数在丰产茶园、母穗园和林间茶园以中层最多,在两行密植茶园以下层最多,分别占其全株的60%、56%、42%和51%;4种茶园益害个体数比皆以上层最多。在水平分布上,害虫个体数在丰产茶园、两行密植茶园、林间茶园皆以朝北方向最多,分别占其全株的35.0%、26.0%和26.3%;害虫个体数以茶丛内层较多,天敌个体数以外层较多;地上部分林间茶园益害个体数比约是丰产茶园的2倍。表明种植模式可改变群落空间格局和益害比。

The composition of arthropod communities in four types of tea plantations with different planting patterns

To clarify the composition of arthropod communities in tea plantations with different planting patterns in Zhejiang Province, the numeral, temporal and spatial patterns of the arthropod communities, the beneficial/pest ratios in upper layers of tea clumps, and their dynamics were investigated in four tea plantations in 2013-2014. The results showed that species richness of pests, species richness of natural enemies, and total species richness in the tea plantation among forests (TPAF) were significantly higher than those in the other three types of tea plantations. The abundance of natural enemies in TPAF was greater than those in the other tea plantations, and the abundance of pests and total abundance in high-yield tea plantation (HYTP) were greater than those in the other tea plantations. In the vertical distribution, the abundance of natural enemies in the upper layer was more than that in the other layers in tea cutting plantation (TCP) and TPAF, while the abundance of natural enemies in the middle layer was more than that in the other layers in HYTP and double-row closely planted tea plantation (DRCPTP), where the abundance of natural enemies occupied over 50% of the whole tea clump. The abundances of pests in the middle layer of HYTP, TCP and TPAF were more than those in other layers, while the abundance in the lower layer of DRCPTP was more than those in the other layers, where the abundance of pests occupied over 60%, 56%, 42% and 51% of the whole tea clump, respectively. For all the four tea plantations, the ratio of beneficial to pest individual abundance was higher in the upper layer of tea clumps than in the middle and the lower layers. The abundances of pests in north of HYTP, DRCPTP, TPAF were more than that in south, east and west, where the abundance of pests occupied 35.0%, 26.0% and 26.3% of the whole tea clump, respectively. The abundance of pests in inner layer was more than that in outer layer, while the abundance of natural enemies in outer layer was more than that in inner layer. The ratio of beneficial to harmful individual number in TPAF was two times as that in HYTP within the aboveground part. The results indicated that the planting pattern could alter the spatial distribution and the ratio of beneficial to harmful insects.