再生水灌溉对园林植物叶片生理及根际土壤特性的影响

选用8种河北省常见园林植物(大叶黄杨、女贞、月季、丁香、紫荆、连翘、海棠和榆叶梅)进行再生水灌溉试验,浇灌周期为3年,以自来水灌溉作为对照,研究了再生水灌溉对园林植物生长特性及根际土壤和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:再生水中所含有的植物生长所需的元素大部分可被植物有效吸收,而植物对一些有毒元素的吸收受到抑制;再生水处理的植物叶片矿质元素含量总体上比对照增加,部分差异达到了显著水平,与对照自来水相比,8种园林植物出现了钠元素的积累,重金属也有逐渐升高趋势,但植物表观并未表现出异常现象。在土壤理化性状方面,再生水灌溉情况下,8种园林植物的土壤pH值与对照相比无显著差异;土壤全盐量、水溶性钠和氯离子含量均高于自来水灌溉,多种植物土壤中含量与自来水灌溉相比达到了显著差异或极显著差异;在土壤养分和酶活性方面,再生水灌溉不同程度促进了土壤养分和酶活性的提高,除了女贞、月季和紫荆以外,与对照相比,绝大部分土壤养分和酶活性差异均不显著;在土壤微生物方面,再生水灌溉不同程度促进了土壤微生物数量的增加,其中,以女贞、月季和紫荆增加幅度较大;8种园林植物土壤微生物均以细菌最多,占微生物总数的90%以上,其次是放线菌和真菌。综合分析可知,再生水灌溉能够短期内促进园林植物的生长和根际土壤养分、酶活性微生物数目的提高。

Influence of Irrigation With Reclaimed Water on Rhizosphere Soil Properties and Leaf Physiology of Different Landscape Plants

Taking irrigation with tap water as contrast treatment,the experiment of using reclaimed water to irrigate eight common landscape plants (Euonymus japonicus,Ligustrum lucidum,Rosa chinensis,Syzygium aromaticum,Cercis chinensis,Forsythia suspensa,Chaenomneles speciosa and Prunus triloba) had been carried out for nearly three years.The influence of irrigation with different water quantities on soil properties of different landscape plants rhizosphere was studied.The results showed that some elements that the plant growth needs were contained in the reclaimed water,and most of these elements could be absorbed effectively by the plants,but a few deleterious elements in the reclaimed water were restrained.In contrast with tap water irrigation,reclaimed water irrigation enhances adversity resistance appreciably.The difference between reclaimed water irrigation and tap water irrigation is small in terms of most mineral elements,but the sodium element accumulation appears in all the leaves of eight plants,and so are the heavy metals.There is no obvious difference on the appearance of all the plants.Compared with contrast,pH has no significant difference between the soil irrigated with reclaimed water and control,and soil total salt,water soluble sodium and chloride ion content are higher than CK.Reclaimed water irrigation enhances the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities,while the difference of the contents of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities is not obvious.For the aspect of soil microbes,irrigation with reclaimed water accelerates the growth of soil microbes,especially for the soil bacteria quantities of Ligustrun lucidum,Rosa chinensis and Cercis chinenis.In the mine soil,bacteria amounts are predominant (more than 99.3％),actinomyces amounts are the next,and fungi amounts are the least among composition of three communities of soil microbes.In summary,irrigation with reclaimed water improve the soil nutrients,soil enzyme activities and soil microbes,also obviously promote landscape plants growth amounts in a short time.