融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下水土保持措施因子值对比研究

东北地区融雪条件下水土保持措施因子缺乏针对性研究。选择吉林梅河口吉兴径流小区2015年、2016年春季融雪侵蚀观测结果和已有降雨侵蚀数据,对比融雪与降雨条件下水土保持措施因子值、产流产沙次数、径流深、侵蚀模数,探讨了不同水土保持措施对降雨侵蚀和融雪侵蚀的防控效果。结果表明:融雪条件下P值范围为0.001~0.46,其中生态修复措施对于融雪侵蚀的防控效果最好,在融雪时期表现出周期短,融水量少的特点;水平坑措施对融雪侵蚀的影响主要体现在对融水的拦控上;融雪条件下耕作措施中地埂植物带侵蚀模数及径流深大于横垄。融雪侵蚀地区(尤其是坡耕地)在进行水土保持措施规划设计时,应兼顾降雨和融雪两种侵蚀类型。

Comparison of Practice Values of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Under the Condition of Snow Melting and Rainfall Erosion

The pertinence of research on the practice values of soil and water conservation is rarely studied under the condition of snow melting in Northeast China.Based on the observation results of Jilin Meihekou Jixing runoff plot snowmelt erosion in spring in 2015 and 2016,the snowmelt and rainfall factor,practice values of soil and water conservation,the number of the runoff and sediment,the depth of runoff and erosion modulus between snowmelt and rainfall conditions were compared to investigate the effects of different the soil and water conservation measures on snowmelt and rainfall erosion.The results showed that the values of P ranged from 0.001 to 0.46,and the best measure for the prevention was the natural ecosystem rehabilitation,which showed the characteristics of short period,less amount of melt water.The effect of engineeringcontrol factor for cut-off drain on snowmelt erosion was mainly reflected on control of melt water.The erosion modulus and runoff depth of tillage factor for counter ridge combing with vegetation stripes were greater than those of the contour tillage under the snowmelt condition.The two types of erosion (snowmelt and rainfall) should be taken into account in the planning and design of soil and water conservation measurements in the snow melting erosion area (especially the farmland).