Designing grasses with a future – combining the attributes of Lolium and Festuca |
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Authors: | HM Thomas WG Morgan MW Humphreys |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, Wales, U.K. |
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Abstract: | Lolium species (considered the ideal grasses for European agriculture) are not sufficiently robust to meet many of the environmental
challenges that face extensive agriculture in less favoured areas. Fortunately, adaptations to abiotic and biotic stresses
exist amongst Festuca species related closely to Lolium. The complex of species has an enormous wealth of genetic variability and potentiality for genetic exchange, thus offering
unique opportunities for the production of versatile hybrid varieties with new combinations of useful characters suited to
modern grassland farming. The attributes of Lolium and Festuca can be combined into a single genotype by amphiploidy or alternatively, a limited number of characters can be selectively
introgressed from Festucainto Lolium or vice versa. Androgenesis of the interspecific hybrids can generate genotypes combining characters that may not be recovered by sexual
backcrossing. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) can differentially ‘paint’ the chromosomes of Lolium and Festuca and identify Lolium-Festuca recombinant chromosomes. GISH is valuable in the analysis of amphiploids, introgressions and androgenic genotypes and can
be used to physically map introgressed traits. Introgression mapping is a powerful new approach to the mapping of traits and
arises from a fusion of physical and genetic mapping. For example, in a diploidLolium introgression genotype with only one introgressed Festucasegment, the gene(s) for any Festucaderived trait expressed by the plant must be located within the segment. Using GISH and molecular markers, a dense but highly
localised map of the Festuca segment is made in isolation of the Loliumgenome – this may simplify QTL analysis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | amphiploid androgenesis GISH introgression Lolium-Festuca mapping stress resistance |
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