Weak effect of edges on avian nesting success in fragmented and forested landscapes in Ontario,Canada |
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Authors: | Karla J Falk Erica Nol Dawn M Burke |
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Institution: | (1) Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada;(2) Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada;(3) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 659 Exeter Road, London, ON, N6E 1L3, Canada |
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Abstract: | We studied the effects of anthropogenic edges on predation and parasitism of forest bird nests in an agriculturally fragmented
landscape and a continuously forested landscape in Ontario, Canada. Nesting data were collected at 1937 nests across 10 species
in the fragmented landscape from 2002–2008, and 464 nests across 4 species in the continuously forested landscape from 2006–2008.
Brood parasitism only occurred in the fragmented landscape, and was positively related to the proportion of rural grassland
and row crop habitats within 500-m of nests. Daily nest survival was negatively related to the density of roads within 500-m
of nests in the fragmented landscape, but was not influenced by distance to anthropogenic edge in either landscape. Predation
rates were higher in the fragmented landscape for Ovenbird and Rose-breasted Grosbeak nests, but did not differ between landscapes
for Veery and American Redstart nests. Uniformly high predation in the fragmented landscape may be a result of (1) matrix
predators that penetrate deep (>300 m) into the forest interior, or (2) the additive effect of forest-dependent and matrix-associated
predators that results in high predation pressure in both edge and interior habitats. Further research focused on the identification
of nest predators, their population dynamics, and habitat use is required to understand the underlying mechanisms leading
to uniformly high nest predation in fragmented landscapes. |
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