密度与施肥量对玉米产量及主要农艺性状的影响

为探讨黑龙江省玉米的高产高效栽培,以德美亚1号为试验材料,采用二因素裂区设计,设主处理肥料因子为A共3个水平,即A1(尿素280kg·hm~(-2)、磷酸二铵210kg·hm~(-2)、硫酸钾70kg·hm~(-2)),A2(尿素400kg·hm~(-2)、磷酸二铵300kg·hm~(-2)、硫酸钾100kg·hm~(-2)),A3(尿素520kg·hm~(-2)、磷酸二铵390kg·hm~(-2)、硫酸钾130kg·hm~(-2));以种植密度(B)为副区,设定5个不同种植密度(6.0万、7.5万、9.0万、10.5万和12.0万株·hm~(-2)),研究了种植密度及施肥量对其产量和主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明:不同种植密度和施肥量对德美亚1号的产量有显著影响。在相同种植密度条件下,随着施肥量的增加穗行数、行粒数及千粒重均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,而德美亚1号的穗粗、穗长、出籽率随施肥量增加呈现逐渐升高的趋势,在相同施肥水平上,穗长、穗粗及行粒数均随着密度的增加而逐渐下降,而千粒重呈先增加后下降的趋势,且当种植密度为B3时,千粒重最重为337.23g。此外,各肥密处理组合产量以A2B3处理(尿素400kg·hm~(-2)、硫酸钾100kg·hm~(-2)、磷酸二铵300kg·hm~(-2),9.0万株·hm~(-2))最高,其次A3B3(尿素520kg·hm~(-2)、硫酸钾130kg·hm~(-2)、磷酸二铵390kg·hm~(-2),9.0万株·hm~(-2))处理。

Effects of Fertilization and Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Maize

To explore the high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize in Heilongjiang province ,Demeiya 1 was used as experimental material by two factors split plot design ,the main fertilizer treatment factor for a to‐tal of three levels ,that A1 (urea 280 kg·hm‐2 ,diammonium 210 kg·hm‐2 ,potassium sulfate 70 kg·hm‐2 ) , A2(urea 400 kg·hm‐2 ,diammonium phosphate 300 kg·hm‐2 ,potassium sulfate 100 kg·hm‐2 ) ,A3 (urea 520 kg·hm‐2 ,diammonium phosphate 390 kg·hm‐2 ,potassium sulfate 130 kg·hm‐2 );at the planting density (b) deputy district , set five different planting densities (60 000 , 75 000 , 90 000 , 105 000 and 120 000 plants·hm‐2 ) to study the planting density and fertilizer amount on the yield and main agronomic traits .The results showed that there were significant effects of yield in different planting density and fertilizer on Demeiya 1 .Under the condition of the same planting density ,with fertilization increasing row number per ear ,grain number and 1 000 grain weight were increased first and then decreased trend ,and ear diameter ,ear length , seed rate of Demeiya Ⅰ showed a trend of gradually increased with the fertilizer increased ,at the same level of fertilizer ,ear length ,ear diameter and row grain number decreased gradually with the increase of density ,and 1 000 grain weight was increased first and then decreased trend ,and when the planting density B3 ,1 000 grain weight ,the weight of 337 .23 g .In addition ,the fertilizer and density combination A2B3 treatment (urea 400 kg·hm‐2 ,potassium sulfate 100 kg·hm‐2 ,diammonium phosphate 300 kg·hm‐2 ,90 000 plants·hm‐2 ) was the highest ,followed by the A3B3 treatment (urea 520 kg·hm‐2 ,potassium sulfate 130 kg·hm‐2 ,diammonium phosphate 390 kg·hm‐2 ,90 000 plants·hm‐2 ) .