穗期喷施叶面肥对水稻产量和品质的影响

通过在水稻穗期喷施不同种类的叶面肥来研究不同叶面肥对水稻产量和品质的影响,以期筛选出效果好、性价比高的叶面肥用于水稻生产。结果表明,磷酸二氢钾、含氨基酸水溶肥料、生化素植物多糖等7种叶面肥在水稻穗期喷施,可以通过提高结实率和千粒质量来增加产量,其中,含氨基酸水溶肥料处理增产22.10 kg/667 m^2,润垦磷酸二氢钾处理增产19.91 kg/667 m^2,生化素植物多糖处理增产16.32 kg/667 m^2;同时,穗期喷施叶面肥可以提高精米率和整精米率,提高稻米的加工品质,其中生化素植物多糖、高效腐植酸和微量元素水溶肥处理还可降低垩白粒率。从产量和效益方面综合考虑,水稻穗期喷施叶面肥增产增效最多的是润垦磷酸二氢钾,然后依次为含氨基酸水溶肥、禾丰磷酸二氢钾、14-16-12硫酸钾型水溶性化成肥料、高效腐植酸、生化素植物多糖、微量元素水溶肥。

Effects of Spr ay Applications of Foliar Fer tilizer s at Spiking Stage on Rice Yield and Quality

With the aim of selecting foliar fertilizers with a significant plant-growth-promoting effect and high cost-effectiveness for rice production, this study investigated the effects of different foliar fertilizers on the yield and quality of the rice cultivar Nanjing 9108.In a field trial, seven different foliar fertilizers were spray-applied at rice earing stage, including potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a water soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and biotin plant polysaccharides. The results showed that the foliar fertilizers increased the yield by elevating the seed setting rate and 1 000 grain weight as compared with the control of water. Among them, the treatment with a water soluble fertilizer containing amino acids improved the yield by 22.10 kg/667 m^2, the treatment with potassium dihydrogen phosphate produced by Runken increased the yield by 19.91 kg/667 m^2, and the treatment with biotin plant polysaccharides enhanced the yield by 16.32 kg/667 m^2. In addition, spray-applications of foliar fertilizers at earing stage improved the milled rice rate and the whole milled rice rate, as well as the processing quality of rice. Among the seven fertilizers, biotin plant polysaccharides, highly efficient humic acid, and a microelement water soluble fertilizer also reduced the chalkiness rate. Taking into account the overall effects of the seven fertilizers on rice yield and economic benefits, potassium dihydrogen phosphate from Runken was most effective in increasing rice yield and economic benefits;the rest of them were ranked as follows, in order of decreasing effectiveness: a water soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate from Hefeng, potassium sulfate from 14-16-12, highly efficient humic acids, biotin plant polysaccharides, and a water soluble fertilizer containing trace elements.