四种植物源化合物对亚洲小车蝗存活率、解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响

为开发防控亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus的生物农药,本研究于室内测定芦丁、单宁酸、烟碱和苦参碱4种植物源化合物处理后亚洲小车蝗3龄蝗蝻的存活率以及体内活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)浓度、3种解毒酶和3种保护酶的活性。结果显示:芦丁、单宁酸、烟碱和苦参碱处理后,亚洲小车蝗3龄蝗蝻的存活率分别为43.63%、62.65%、25.91%和16.62%,亚洲小车蝗3龄蝗蝻体内ROS浓度分别为263.56、186.94、351.62和392.13 pg/g,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性分别为562.19、362.63、679.36、659.23 U/g,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性分别为236.27、189.25、295.36和315.66 U/g,过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性分别为326.89、296.97、392.16和386.29 U/g,细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP450)活性分别为359.23、367.16、382.79和435.65 U/g,谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GST)活性分别为196.63、136.68、278.37和327.16 U/g,羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterases,CarE)活性分别为413.62、365.37、395.27和469.30 U/g;4个处理的存活率、ROS浓度、CAT活性、POD活性、CYP450活性和CarE活性均与对照之间差异显著;烟碱和苦参碱毒性表现最强,芦丁和单宁酸次之。表明这4种植物源化合物在亚洲小车蝗绿色防控和生物农药开发方面均具有潜力。

Effects of four plant-derived compounds on the survival rate and activities of detoxification enzymes and protective enzymes in the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus

To develop biopesticides for controlling the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus,the effects of four plant-derived compounds on the survival rate,reactive oxygen species(ROS)concentration and the activities of three detoxification enzymes and three protective enzymes were explored in the 3 rd instar nymphs of O.asiaticus.The results showed that the survival rates of O.asiaticus treated by rutin,tannin,nicotine and matrine were 43.63%,62.65%,25.91%and 16.62%,respectively;the concentrations of ROS were 263.56,186.94,351.62 and 392.13 pg/g,respectively;the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were 562.19,362.63,679.36 and 659.23 U/g,respectively;the enzyme activities of catalase(CAT)were 236.27,189.25,295.36 and 315.66 U/g,respectively;the enzyme activities of peroxidase(POD)were 326.89,296.97,392.16 and 386.29 U/g,respectively;the enzyme activities of cytochrome P450(CYP450)were 359.23,367.16,382.79 and 435.65 U/g,respectively;the enzyme activities of glutathione S-transferase(GST)were 196.63,136.68,278.37 and 327.16 U/g,respectively,and the enzyme activities of carboxylesterase(CarE)were 413.62,365.37,395.27 and 469.30 U/g,respectively.These four plant-derived compounds exhibited better effects on O.asiaticus than the control.Among these four plant-derived compounds,nicotine and matrine showed the strongest toxicity,followed by rutin and tannin.The detrimental effects of these four plant-derived compounds offer a new option for the development of biopesticides and potential application to biological control of grasshoppers.