水肥一体化对小麦干物质和氮素积累转运及产量的影响

为探讨滴灌水肥一体化对小麦干物质和氮素积累、转运与产量的影响,于2016—2018年2个小麦生长季进行田间试验,设置3个氮(N)肥水平N1(180 kg/hm²)、N2(240 kg/hm²)、N3(270 kg/hm²)和3个水分(W)水平W1(生育期不灌水)、W2(生育期灌2次水)、W3(生育期灌3次水),9个处理分别为:W1N1、W1N2、W1N3、W2N1、W2N2、W2N3、W3N1、W3N2、W3N3。结果表明:连续2年,小麦植株干物质积累量在开花期和成熟期达到最大,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2处理下小麦开花期植株平均干物质积累量、成熟期植株平均干物质积累量、营养器官平均干物质转运量、平均干物质转运率和干物质转运对籽粒平均贡献率分别增加32.11%、13.34%、48.66%、56.34%、42.93%;连续2年,小麦植株氮素积累量在小麦开花期和成熟期达到最大,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2处理下小麦开花期和成熟期植株平均氮素积累量分别增加21.98%和20.30%;在小麦成熟期,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2处理下小麦茎+叶鞘平均氮素积累量、穗轴+颖壳平均氮素积累量、籽粒平均氮素积累量、营养器官平均氮素转运量、平均氮素转运率和营养器官氮素转运对籽粒平均贡献率分别增加20.19%、27.65%、35.99%、47.51%、20.91%和6.04%;连续2年,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2和W3N3处理下小麦平均产量分别增加31.88%和15.28%。研究表明,滴灌水肥一体化下W3N2处理是本试验的最优处理,能够促进营养器官干物质和氮素的积累与转运,有利于实现小麦高产高效。

Effects of Drip Fertigation on Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen together with Yield in Wheat

In order to explore the effects of drip fertigation on accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen,and yield in wheat,three nitrogen(N)fertilizer levels:N1(180 kg/hm²),N2(240 kg/hm²)and N3(270 kg/hm²),and three water(W)levels:W1(no irrigation at the growth stage),W2(two times irrigation at the growth stage),and W3(three times irrigation at the growth stage),were set in two wheat growing seasons(2016—2018)by field experiment.The nine treatments were W1N1,W1N2,W1N3,W2N1,W2N2,W2N3,W3N1,W3N2,and W3N3.The results showed that dry matter accumulation of wheat plant reached its maximum at the flowering and maturing stages in two consecutive years.Compared with the W1N1 treatment,W3N2 treatment increased average dry matter accumulation at the flowering and mature stages,average dry matter translocation amount of the vegetative organs,average dry matter translocation rate,and average contribution rate of dry matter translocation to grain by 32.11%,13.34%,48.66%,56.34%,42.93%,respectively.In two consecutive years,nitrogen accumulation of wheat plant reached the maximum at the flowering and maturing stages of wheat.Compared with W1N1 treatment,average nitrogen accumulation at both flowering and maturing stages of wheat under W3N2 treatment was increased by 21.98%and 20.30%,respectively.In the mature stage of wheat,compared with W1N1 treatment,W3N2 treatment increased average nitrogen accumulation of stem and sheath,average nitrogen accumulation of cob and glume,average nitrogen accumulation of grain,average nitrogen transformation amount,average nitrogen transformation rate and average contribution rate of nitrogen transformation to grain by 20.19%,27.65%,35.99%,47.51%,20.91%,6.04%,respectively.In two consecutive years,compared with W1N1 treatment,W3N2 and W3N3 treatment increased average wheat yield by 31.88%and 15.28%,respectively.In conclusion,the W3N2 treatment was the best in the drip fertigation,which was applied to wheat with 240 kg/hm²pure nitrogen,60%pure nitrogen was applied at the bottom,25%of pure nitrogen was added at the jointing stage and 15%of pure nitrogen was added at the filling stage,respectively,and three times irrigation at the jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage under the drip fertigation,which could promote the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetative organs,so as to promote the high-yield and high-efficient wheat.