有机肥与氮肥配施对膜下滴灌西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

为确定优质高产西瓜有机肥与氮肥配施的适宜比例,设置6个处理:不施氮肥(CK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥与化肥氮肥减施30%(N_1PKM)、50%(N_2PKM)和70%(N_3PKM)配施、单施化肥(NPK),研究了有机肥与氮肥配施对西瓜不同生育时期生长、产量、品质和养分吸收与积累量的影响。结果表明:适宜的有机肥与氮肥配施有效促进了西瓜的生长、产量、品质和养分吸收积累;在伸蔓期,N_1PKM处理西瓜的叶绿素、主蔓长、茎粗和干物质积累显著高于其他处理,与NPK处理相比,其叶绿素、主蔓长、茎粗和干物质积累量分别增加了6.15%、13%、21.7%和52%;开花坐果期和成熟期N_3PKM处理,西瓜的生长、产量、品质和氮素积累与NPK处理差异达到了显著水平,与NPK处理相比,西瓜叶绿素含量、主蔓长、茎粗和干物质积累量分别增加了3.38%、2%、7.3%和10.14%,西瓜产量、含糖量、硝酸盐含量和还原性Vc分别提高了5.51%、2.7%、16.86%和10.42%,氮肥利用效率和氮素积累量分别提高了66.56%和18.54%。综合西瓜生长、产量和品质,在河西绿洲灌区,保护地膜下滴灌高产优质西瓜在有机肥施用9 000 kg·hm~(-2)时,有机肥与化肥配施比例为氮肥减施30%(施用量约175 kg·hm~(-2))与有机肥配施。

Influence of the combination application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer to watermelon growth, yield and quality under mulched drip\|irrigation condition

A field experiment was conducted in arid northwestern China to define the most suitable combination of organic fertilizer and chemical nitrogen fertilizer to produce the highest yield with the best fruit quality of watermelon. There were 6 fertilizer treatments including: CK, no N fertilizer and organic fertilizer; M, organic fertilizer without N fertilizer; N₁PKM, organic fertilizer with 30% N fertilizer; N2PKM, organic fertilizer with 50% N fertilizer; N₃PKM, organic fertilizer with 70% N fertilizer; and NPK, N fertilizer without organic fertilizer. A comparative experimental design was used. Theresults showed that N₁PKM treatment significantly improved growth, quality, yield, and nutrient absorption of watermelon. Compared to CK, at elongation stage, N₁PKM treatment increased chlorophyll content, main vine length, stem diameter, and dry matter accumulation of watermelon by 6.15%, 13%, 21.7%, and 52%, respectively. At the flower and fruit stages, N₃PKM treatment increased chlorophyll content, main vine length, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation, yield, sugar content, Vc content, nitrate content, N use efficiency, and N accumulation of watermelon by 3.38%, 2, 7.3%, 10.1%, 5.51%, 2.7%, 16.86%, 10.42%, 66.56%, and 18.54%, respectively. These results demonstrated that under the same organic fertilizer input level (9 000 kg·hm^-2), organic fertilizer with 30% N fertilizer (175 kg·hm^-2) could be a suitable substitution rate for producing the highest fruit quality and yield of watermelon under mulched drip\|irrigation, which could be recommended as a fertilizer application pattern in this area.