田间条件下不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律的研究

本文通过分析大田条件下1、2、3、5和10龄龙井43茶园头年秋天整株茶树、第二年采摘新稍、修剪物和落叶的生物量以及氮、磷、钾养分量,研究不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律。1龄茶园到5龄茶园,茶树地上部生物量、氮、磷、钾养分量分别增加约32倍、21倍、25倍、29倍,到10龄茶园,与5龄茶园相比,仅分别增加约71%、17%、13%、14%。从1龄到2龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为90.01、5.71、31.11kg/hm2,从2龄到3龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为122.74、9.63、45.14kg/hm2,从3龄到4龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为144.03、10.33、47.99kg/hm2。幼龄茶树经过定型修剪后,吸收的养分有一部分通过修剪物和落叶回归土壤,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的养分量占总量的43.9%、48.7%、61.3%左右。进入青年期,如5龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别约为164.4、12.68、71.29kg/hm2。进入采摘后,茶树所需的养分主要用于新稍生长,一部分分配到修剪物和落叶之中,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的氮、磷、钾养分量比较稳定且只占较少份额(氮、磷、钾养分量分别仅约为7.54、0.53、5.44kg/hm2)。本试验对田间条件下不同生育期的茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求量的研究建立了试验分析方法,为进一步研究茶树养分需求规律提供了一条新的思路。

Requirement on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium by Tea Plants with Different Ages under Field Conditions

In order to study on requirement on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by tea plants with different ages under field conditions, the biomass on up-ground parts of Longjing 43 tea plants aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years in the fall of the first year, and the young shoots, the fallen leaves and the pruning on the second year under different N, P and K application was investigated. The biomass of up-ground parts in tea plants aged 5 years and the concentration of N, P and K in tea plants increased 32, 21, 25, 29 times respectively as compared with those aged one year. The biomass and the concentration of N, P and K in tea plants aged 10 years only increased approximately by 71%, 17%, 13%, 14% respectively as compared with those aged 5 years. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 1~2 years under field conditions is 90.01, 5.71, 31.11 kg/hm2 respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 2~3 years is 122.74, 9.63, 45.14 kg/hm2 respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 3~4 years is 144.03, 10.33, 47.99 kg/hm2 respectively. After pruning, the absorbed N, P and K in part is recovered to thesoil through pruning and fallen leaves, the amounts of N, P and K in tea plants used for growth (pruning and fallen leaves are excluded) account for 43.9%, 48.7%, 61.3% of the total respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K of young tea plants (for example, 5 years aged tea plants) is about 164.4, 12.68, 71.29 kg/hm2 respectively. The concentration of N, P and K in the plucking tea plants is mainly used in the growth of tea shoots, and maintain in a stable state and only share a small part of the total (approximately 7.54, 0.53 and 5.44 kg/hm2). A research method on the requirement on N, P and K of tea plants with various growing stage under field conditions was established in this investigation, thus provides a new idea for the further investigation on the nutrient requirement of tea plants.