生态景观林树种选择定量研究

树种选择是生态景观林营建中重要的技术要素。以浙江省青山湖国家森林公园为研究对象，针对当地的自然环境条件、生态建设与旅游发展的要求，制订了树种选择标准。根据专家建议，以树种的生物学特性、观赏特性和生态功能作为生态景观林树种选择的主要依据，确定了形态习性、生长速度、土壤适应性和抗病虫性等12个树种评价指标．采用5级评分制对每一项指标进行量化分级，并运用层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重，为研究区生态景观林树种选择提出了一个完整的评价指标体系和数量化评价模型。应用树种评价模型对研究区41个绿化树种进行了综合评价。结果表明：合欢Afbizzia julibrissin，枫香Liquidamba formosana，乌桕Sapium sebiferum，黄连木Pistacia chinensis，臭椿Ailanthus altissima．银杏Ginkgo biloba等落叶树种综合性状良好；苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla，樟树Cinnamomum camphora．深山含笑Michelia maudiae和木荷Schima superba等常绿树种综合性状较好。但因合欢分枝较低，不宜做大面积绿化树种．建议选择枫香、乌桕、苦槠和樟树作为青山湖国家森林公园生态景观林建设的基调树种。表2参64

Tree species selection for an ecological landscape forest at Qingshan Lake, Zhejiang Province

Tree species selection is a key technical element in the construction of an ecological landscape forest. Designed to facilitate tourism development at Qingshan Lake National Forest Park in Zhejiang Province, this research considered the local environment and ecosystem to determine a set of standards for tree species selection and then determine the best trees to use. With the advice of specialists, standards consisting of biological characteristics, ornamental characteristics, and ecological functions were chosen. To this end, twelve evaluating indexes were used including morphological habit, rate of growth, adaptability to soil, and resistance to insect pests and diseases. With a five level rating system, a quantitative grade was determined for each index, and using a stratified analysis, weights were fixed for each index. Then, this comprehensive evaluating index system and quantitative model were applied to 41 tree species to determine tree species selection. Results showed that among the deciduous tree species, Albizzia julibrissin, Liquidambar formosana, Sapium sebiferum, Pistacia chinensis, Ailanthus altissima, and Ginkgo biloba were excellent choices, and that among evergreen tree species, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cinnamomum camphora, Michelia maudiae, and Schima superba were excellent ones. However, Albizzia julibrissin with its low branching habit was not appropriate for large-scale planting. Therefore, the suggested primary tree species for Qingshan Lake National Forest Park were the following four species： Liquidambar for mosana,Sapium sebiferum, Castanopsis sclerophytla, and Cinnamomum camphora. [Ch, 2 tab. 64 ref.]