基于WOFOST模型的东北地区春小麦水分平衡模拟与验证

对WOFOST模型进行了本地化参数校正，并对输入模型的参数进行了敏感性分析，选取出对结果影响较大的几个参数进行调整，建立相应的模型运行数据库，对东北春麦区具有代表性的哈尔滨、绥化、嫩江、呼玛和牙克石地区2012年、2013年春小麦生育期内土壤水分含量情况进行了模拟及精度分析，最终评价WOFOST模型在东北地区春小麦生长过程中水分平衡模拟的适应性及准确性。结果表明:WOFOST模型对2012年、2013年各地春小麦生育期内土壤水分含量变化模拟值与实测值的绝对平均误差为2.43%~8.75%，均方根误差RMSE为6.75%~13.75%，模拟性能指数EF为-0.844~0.245，残差聚集指数CRM为-0.272~0.084，一致性系数IoA为0.457~0.789，在可信区间内。从整体看，该模型对土壤水分含量的模拟具备一定的参考价值；同时利用校正后的模型对2012年、2013年各地春小麦作物蒸腾、土壤蒸发与作物需水量进行了模拟，实现了利用较少参数达到作物蒸腾与土壤蒸发分离的目的。

Simulation and Verification of Spring Wheat Water Balance in Northeast Region Based on WOFOST Model

This research has carried on the localization parameter calibration in WOFOST model, and carried the sensitivity analysis of the input relevant parameters. Then several parameters were picked out which had significant influence on result and made different adjustment scheme. A corresponding model was setted up to run database to simulate spring wheat growth and soil moisture content conditions in Harbin, Suihua, Nenjiang, Huma and Yakeshi area in 2012, 2013. Then the measured values were compared with the simulation values. Finally, the WOFOST model’s adaptability and accuracy of spring wheat in the process of water balance growth in northeast area was evaluated. The results showed that for 2012 and 2013, absolute error of between the soil moisture content simulated by WOFOST model and the measured values ranged from 2.43% to 8.75% on average, RMSE was between 6.75% to 13.75%, EF was between -0.844 to 0.245, CRM was between -0.272 to 0.084, IoA was between 0.457 to 0.789 that was in the confidence interval. On the whole, the model simulation of soil water content had a certain reference value. The calibrated model was used to simulate the spring wheat soil evaporation and crop transpiration and crop water requirement in 2012, 2013. It can be achieved the purpose of using the fewer parameters for soil evaporation and crop transpiration separation.