基于GIS技术的古城小流域土壤侵蚀研究

选取克山县古城小流域作为研究对象，基于GIS技术，选用修正的通用土壤流失方程计算土壤侵蚀模数，依据《黑土区水土流失综合防治技术标准》进行侵蚀强度划分，并分析各侵蚀强度空间分布特征、不同土壤侵蚀强度总量，以及土地利用类型对土壤侵蚀的影响。研究表明:研究区年侵蚀总量为123 572.62 t，侵蚀总面积为12 494.31 hm²，占总土地面积的34.81%。以轻度侵蚀为主，中度侵蚀次之，强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀也有发生，但侵蚀面积及侵蚀量均较小。轻度侵蚀集中分布于研究区中部、西北部；中度侵蚀主要分布于研究区中部、东北部地区；强烈侵蚀、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀零散分布于研究区内，多为林地向旱地过渡区。土壤侵蚀主要发生在旱地、未利用地；城乡工矿居民用地也较容易发生土壤侵蚀，但侵蚀面积较小；其他土地利用类型不易发生土壤侵蚀。

GIS-Based Research of Soil Erosion in Gucheng Small Watershed

We selected the Gucheng small watershed of Keshan County as the research region. Based on the data of precipitation, the soil, DEM, the remote sensing data, the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used to calculate the soil erosion and classify the calculation, then the soil erosion rate was analyzed, spatial distribution was evaluated, and with the impact of the land use on soil erosion was examined. Results showed that low-level was the main soil erosion rate, medium-level was just less than the low-level, high-level, very high-level and acute level also happened, but their percentages were relative low. Low-level soil erosion rate mostly distributed on the central region and the northwestern region, the medium-level distributed in the central region and the northeastern region, the other levels both scattered. The soil erosion most happened on the farmland or the unused-land, the residential area also existed soil erosion. The soil erosion did not readily occurred in the other kinds of land uses. Therefore, it could be seen that increasing the vegetation coverage of the forest or decreasing the area of farmland could control soil erosion.