玉米籽粒生长特性与籽粒大小的关系及其遗传研究

本文以八个玉米自交系按双列式组配的28个组合为供试材料,通过通径分析和遗传参数的估算,结果表明:粒重主要决定于灌浆速率,籽粒体积主要取决于建成速率。灌浆速率与建成速率的高度一致性可能是粒重与籽粒体积高度相关的主要原因。灌浆速率、建成速率和籽粒体积的变异绝大部分是加性变异。灌浆期和建成期的变异则主要是播期或配合力与播期互作所致。粒重的变异主要是加性变异,但也在一定程度上受播期的影响。平均灌浆速率、有效灌浆速率和籽粒体积与粒重的相关遗传进度约等于粒重的遗传进度。本文对上述结果在玉米大粒型高产育种栽培中的应用问题进行了讨论。

STUDIES ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KERNEL GROWTH AND SIZE AND THEIR INHERITANCES IN CORN

Studies were carried out with 28 F_1 hybrids (8×8 diallel cross) to observe and explore their relative importance in the determination of kernel size and inheritances. Path analysis and genetic parameter estimation were adopted. It was found that kernel size depended chiefly upon its growth rate. The highly significant positive correlation between the weight and volume of kernel arose mainly from close association of grain filling and forming rates. Kernel size and growth rate were mainly coutrolled by general combining ability. The durations of kernel growth period was chiefly affected by sowing dates and their interaction with combining ability. The breeding efficiency of selecting filling rate epuals to that of selecting kernel weight.