低温对金纹细蛾越冬蛹及蛹后发育的影响

为探索金纹细蛾Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura)最佳保种方法,在室外变温和恒温冷藏两种条件下研究低温对其越冬蛹及蛹后发育的影响。结果显示,室外变温贮藏60 d,祼蛹和虫疤叶内蛹的发育历期分别为15.3 d和20.5 d,与非冷藏正常发育的对照比较差异显著;恒温冷藏120 d,祼蛹和虫疤叶内蛹发育历期分别为23.5 d和29.6 d,与对照差异显著。室外变温贮藏60 d时,祼蛹及虫疤叶内蛹的羽化率接近60%;恒温冷藏105 d时,祼蛹和虫疤叶内蛹的羽化率大于60%。75~120 d内,羽化畸形率依次为室外虫疤叶内蛹>室外祼蛹>冷藏祼蛹>冷藏虫疤叶内蛹。恒温冷藏对雌、雄蛾寿命无明显影响,但雌雄性比随冷藏时间的增加而明显增大,室外变温贮藏75 d以上,羽化的雄蛾平均寿命显著缩短。恒温冷藏对产卵行为无显著影响,随冷藏时间的延长,雌蛾平均产卵量下降,但孵化率增加。研究表明,恒温冷藏虫疤叶是较好的保种方式,以4℃冷藏105 d最佳。

Effects of low temperature on the overwintering pupae and pupal postnatal development of Phyllonorycter ringoniella

In order to find out the effects of low temperature on the overwintering pupae and pupal postnatal development of Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura), and thus to provide a best method for preservation of the insect, pupae were stored respectively at variable temperatures under outdoor conditions and constant refrigerated temperature. Biological parameters such as the development of pupa and the eclosion were observed. The results showed that when the pupae and the pupae inside leaves were stored for 60 days under variable outdoor temperatures, their developmental durations were 15.25 d and 20.50 d, respectively, significantly different from those of the control. When the pupae and the pupae inside leaves were stored under constant refrigerated temperature conditions for 120 days, their developmental durations were 23.50 days and 29.60 days, respectively, which also had a significant difference from those of the control. Under variable outdoor temperatures for 60 days, the eclosion of pupae and the pupae inside leaves were close to 60%; at the constant refrigerated temperature for 105 days, the eclosion of pupae and the pupae inside leaves were both above 60%. From the 75 to 120 days the highest abnor- mal eclosion was observed in the pupae inside leaves outdoors, followed in order by the pupae outdoors, refrigerated pupae and refrigerated pupae in leaves. Constant refrigerated temperature proved to have no significant influence on the longevity of the female and male moths, but the ratio of female to male became higher as the refrigeration days increased; storage under variable outdoor temperatures over 75 days significantly shortened the mean longevity of male moths. Constant refrigerated temperature had no obvious influence on the oviposition behavior, and the mean amount of eggs laid was lower, whereas hatching rate was higher as the refrigerated days increased. Based on the results, the pupae inside leaves stored under a constant refrigerated temperature was proven to be a better method for breed conservation, and 105 days was the best duration of the refrigerated time.