铁皮石斛无公害标准化种植技术及产品质量分析

【目的】明确铁皮石斛无公害标准化种植技术规程及产品质量标准。【方法】以野生＂红皮软脚＂铁皮石斛种质作为组培材料,探讨不同规格组培苗（优质、合格）、不同栽植方式（床架栽、地厢栽）对铁皮石斛生长势、生长量及成药茎条产量的影响,同时测定鲜茎和枫斗中石斛碱和石斛多糖的含量。【结果】不同栽植方式对铁皮石斛组培苗种植成活率影响不大,但优质苗栽后成活率、生长势和成药茎条产量均明显优于合格苗,床架栽的生长势、生长量和成药茎条产量均明显优于地厢栽;地厢栽产品中检测到部分有机磷农药残留,床架栽因远低于限量标准而未检出;1年生、2年生鲜茎及枫斗中石斛多糖含量分别为19.72%、18.54%、29.41%;在生长年限不超过2.5年范围内,石斛碱含量随种植年限增长而增加。【结论】在广西自然气候条件下,采用优质组培苗、搭床架栽植及生态防治病虫害是实现铁皮石斛无公害标准化种植的关键。实际生产中,可以鲜茎多糖含量≥18%、枫斗多糖含量≥25%、重金属和农药残留量不超过无公害食品规定标准作为无公害铁皮石斛产品质量鉴定指标。

A pollution-free technique for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo cultivation and analysis of the product quality

【Objective】The experiment was conducted in order to standardized the pollution-free cultivation techique for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and the standards of product quality were analyzed. 【Method】The wild red skin soft foot （Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo） plants were tissue cultured to investigate the influence of different qualities （high and qualified） of seedling and different cultivation methods （bedstead planting, growth chamber planting） on its growth, growth vigor and the yield and grade of dendrobine and polysaccharide in fresh stem. 【Result】Different cultivation methods did not greatly affect the survival rate of Dendrobium officinale plantlets, however, the growth vigor, growth mass and stem yield of seedlings planted in bedstead method were superior to those planted in growth chambers. The survival rate, growth vigor and stem yield were found higher in plants raised from high-quality seedling. Organophosphorus pesticide residues were present in bedstead production, while it was absent in plants cultivated in growth chambers. The polysaccharide content in whaite shoot, green shoot and top grade trunk were 19.72,18.54 and 29.41%, respectively. Up to 2.5 years of growth stage, dendrobine content in plant were found to increase with increasing years of planting. 【Conclusion】The bedstead planting using fine quality seedling with eco-friendly control measures of insect pests was standardized to ensure the pollution-free Dendrobium officinal cultivation in Guangxi. The major identification index of Dendrobium officinale product quality was determined as follows： the polysaccharide contents in fresh stem≥18%, the polysaccharide contents in Dendrobium candicum≥25%, and heavy metal content and pesticide residues should not exceed to the specified index.