饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长及肝脏脂肪酸的影响

【目的】探索饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、肝脏组织中脂肪酸变化的影响,丰富水产动物的脂肪酸研究。【方法】按饲料中添加不同油脂设猪油组（L组）、猪油＋豆油组（LS组）、豆油组（S组）、豆油＋鱼油组（SF组）和鱼油组（F组）5个处理,分别制成饲料颗粒投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾,6周后利用毛细管气相色谱法分析幼虾肝胰腺中各种脂肪酸的组成及含量。【结果】F组凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长优于其他处理组,L组饲料对幼虾生长明显不如其他组;饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾肝脏中的脂肪酸含量有影响。肝脏中DHA（C22：6n3）、EPA（C20：5n3）含量与饲料中DHA、EPA含量呈正相关;在饲料中添加混合油脂比添加单一油脂更有利于脂肪酸吸收;幼虾肌肉中脂肪酸变化的趋势与饲料脂肪酸变化的趋势一致,大量饱和脂肪酸C16：0、C18：0快速减少;其次是C18：1n9。【结论】在饲料中添加不同油脂对凡纳滨对虾幼虾肝脏中的脂肪酸含量有影响,但对肝脏脂肪酸种类无影响;饲料中添加混合油脂对幼虾生长优于添加单一油脂。

Effects of different lipids in dietary feed of Litopenaues vannamei juvenile prawn on its growth and composition of liver fatty acids

Objective]The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds of lipids in feed of Litopenaues vannamei juvenile prawn on its growth and liver fatty acid composition. Method]Five different lipids, viz., lard oil （L）, lard ＆ soybean oil （LS）, soybean oil （S）, soybean oil, and fish oil （SF） and fish oil （F） were supplied with the feed to raise Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. The hepatopancreas fatty acid composition and content in juvenile prawn were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography. Result]The results showed that the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile prawn fed with diet containing fish oil （F）was better than the other treatments, and it was the poorest in the prawns fed with the diet containing lard oil （L）. Different lipids in diet were found to alter the fatty acids content in liver of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile prawn. Further, the DHA （C22：6n3） and EPA （C20：5n3） content in liver of juvenile prawns showed a positive relationship to that of feed. It was also observed that adding mixed lipid in feed was more beneficial for consumption of fatty acid than single lipid. The changes in fatty acid content of juvenile prawn muscle were accordance to that of feed, the saturated fatty acid C16：0 and C18：0 decreased rapidly, followed by C18：1n9. Conclusion]Using various kinds of lipids in diet altered the fatty acid composition of Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile prawn liver, and the growth of juvenile prawn enhanced by using mixture of lipids compared to the addition of single lipid in diet.