小动物麻醉药物及麻醉技术研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,家庭饲养小动物日益增多,动物园中观赏性小动物也在增多。小动物饲养数量的增长,导致小动物临床疾病数量的增加。其中相当一部分病例需要进行手术治疗,从而小动物麻醉在疾病治疗中的作用越来越重要。小动物麻醉技术迅速发展,相应的麻醉药物也逐渐更新,为此,对小动物的麻醉药物及麻醉技术的最新进展进行综述,为临床上小动物麻醉提供参考。小动物麻醉药物主要分为吸入性麻醉药物和非吸入性麻醉药物。吸入性麻醉药物种类较少,包括氟烷、异氟烷、甲氧氟烷、地氟烷、七氟烷等;非吸入性麻醉药物种类较多,包括巴比妥类、氯胺酮类、丙泊酚、依托咪酯、替来他明、阿法沙龙、846合剂等。小动物麻醉技术包括吸入诱导麻醉、静脉诱导麻醉和硬膜外麻醉。随着麻醉药新制剂不断开发和给药手段不断更新,小动物麻醉在提高药物临床效应、降低不良反应、保证动物安全舒适等方面不断发展,从而不断提高小动物麻醉的安全性。

Progress on Anaesthetic Drugs and Techniques for Small Animals

With the improvement of people's living standard,the number of household and zoo-kept small animals is growing so greatly that the number of clinical diseases for small animals is increasing simultaneously.Among them,quite a few cases of animals need to be treated surgically,thus the role of the anaesthetic technique for small animals is becoming more and more important in the disease treatment.With the rapid development of anaesthetic technique for small animals,the anaesthetic drugs are gradually updated.Therefore,the latest progress on anaesthetic drugs and technique associated to small animals should be reviewed to supply a reference to small animals'anesthesia technique in clinical practice.The anaesthetic drugs associated to small animals are classified as inhaled anaesthetic drugs and non-inhaled anaesthetic drugs.The number of the inhaled anaesthetic drugs is small,which include halothane,isoflurane,methoxyflurane,isoflurane,desflurane and sevoflurane;while the number of non-inhaled anaesthetic drugs is larger,which include barbiturates,ketamines,propofol,etomidate,tiletamine,alphaxalone and 846 mixture.The anaesthetic techniques associated to small animals are divided into inhaled induction anesthesia,intravenous induction anesthesia and epidural anesthesia.With the exploitation of new preparations of anaesthetic drugs and update of drug delivery route,the anaesthetic techniques for small animals in improving the clinical effect of drugs,reducing adverse reactions and ensuring the safety and comfort of animals are continuously growing,so as to improve the security of small animals'anesthesia technique gradually.