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日照紫菜养殖海域营养盐的时空分布特征及其与浮游植物群落结构的相关性分析
作者姓名:梁洲瑞  孙藤芹  汪文俊  刘福利  曹 原  梁启迪  孙 昕  孙修涛  王飞久
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 青岛266071;青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 青岛 266071;上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海 201306;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 青岛266071
基金项目:山东省农业良种工程(南种北繁)项目(2017LZN013)、山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GSF115038)、中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2015A02)和现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-50)共同资助
摘    要:2016年11月~2017年3月对山东日照阜鑫渔港紫菜(Pyropia sp.)养殖海域开展调查,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构和营养盐的时空分布特征及其相关性。结果显示,调查海区中无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO_4~(3–)-P)及硅酸盐(SiO_3~(2–)-Si)浓度均表现为自近岸海区到外海区逐渐降低的趋势;硝酸盐、SiO_3~(2–)-Si、PO_4~(3–)-P、DIN和溶解有机氮(DON)等营养盐的浓度均因月份的不同具有显著差异;调查海区营养水平总体为中营养型,浮游植物丰度为(0.049~3.031)×10~4 cells/L,浮游植物的生长受控于SiO_3~(2–)-Si和PO_4~(3–)-P的几率较大;该海区共检出硅藻门27属37种,甲藻门7属8种,金藻门1属1种,主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)等;盐度的大幅降低和丰富的营养盐、氨氮(NH_(4+)~(-N))和PO_4~(3–)-P浓度的显著变化可能分别是导致1、3月浮游植物多样性指数显著降低的主要原因;调查海区NH_(4+)~(-N)浓度和DIN/P值与浮游植物多样性指数均呈负相关关系,其中,非紫菜养殖区的负相关程度达到显著水平,而养殖区的负相关程度不显著,表明条斑紫菜(Pyropiayezoensis)养殖可能有利于降低该海域的NH_(4+)~(-N)水平和DIN/P值、提高浮游植物群落结构稳定性及物种多样性,从而有利于防止赤潮的发生。研究结果可为该海域环境保护、赤潮防治以及水产养殖活动的开展等提供基础数据。

关 键 词:紫菜养殖  浮游植物  营养盐  分布
收稿时间:2018/7/2 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/8/28 0:00:00

The Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Nutrients and Community Structures of Phytoplankton and Their Relationships in the Pyropia culture Areas of Rizhao, China
Authors:LIANG Zhourui  SUN Tengqin  WANG Wenjun  LIU Fuli  CAO Yuan  LIANG Qidi  SUN Xin  SUN Xiutao and WANG Feijiu
Institution:Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Polit National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Polit National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Polit National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Polit National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071 and Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071
Abstract:The culture area of Pyropia sp. at Fuxin fishing port, in Rizhao City, China, were investigated from November 2016 to March 2017. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the nutrient and community structures of phytoplankton and their relationships were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows: Generally, the spatial horizontal distribution of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate concentrations showed a decreasing trend between the nearshore area and offshore sea areas. Nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations were significantly different in the different months. Over, all the surveyed sea area was at a mesotrophic level. The range of phytoplankton density was (0.049~3.031) × 104 cells/L and the phytoplankton growth was likely to be controlled by the silicate and phosphate. 37 species of diatom belonging to 27 genera, followed by dinoflagellates represented by 8 taxa (7 genera) and chrysophyceae by 1 taxa (1 genera) were recorded. The most common and dominant species were Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Coscinodiscus sp. The diversity index of phytoplankton decreased significantly in January and March, which may be caused by the sharp decrease in salinity and richness of nutrients in January, significant rises in ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and significant decrease in phosphate concentration in March. The ammonia nitrogen concentration and DIN/P ratio were both negatively correlated with the diversity index of phytoplankton. The negative relationship was significant for the non-cultured area, while it was not significant for the cultured area. It can be inferred from the above correlation analysis results that Pyropia sp. cultivation is beneficial for reducing the ammonia nitrogen levels and DIN/P ratio in the sea area, thus increasing the stability of phytoplankton community structures and the species diversity of phytoplankton, which will help to prevent the occurrence of red tides. These results provide information valuable for marine environment protection, red tide prevention and future developments of aquaculture systems.
Keywords:Pyropia cultivation  Phytoplankton  Nutrients  Distribution
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