野生和半野生大豆产量和蛋白质资源潜力的研究(Ⅰ)——中国春大豆区野生和半野生大豆光照生态反应的分析

以哈尔滨自然光照为对照,用扣暗箱方式,对全国春大豆区五个省份的10份野生和半野生大豆进行了不同的短日照处理。结果表明,各处理均表现出开花提早、植株变矮的短日照效应,其效应与纬度呈高度显著的负相关。开花到成熟的日数表现不如开花期那样有规律。经短日照处理后,吉林、辽宁以南的材料开花到成熟日数反倒会增加。

POTENTIALITY OF GLYCINE SOJA AND G.GRACILIS AS GENETIC SOURCES FOR BREEDING OF HIGH YIELD AND HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

Taking Harbin natural day length as control,the performance of growthand development of 10 varieties of G.soja and 4 varieties of G.gracilis underthree shortday treatments can be shown as follows:(1)Varieties of G.soja and G.gracilis under all short-day treatmentperformed earlier blooming habit and shorter plants.This showed that suchvarieties are with distinct short-dayhabit.Response of the varieties to the 3treatments after the appearance of the first pair of true leaves,the beginingof sensitive photoperiodic stage,showed that effect of short day treatment for10 days during the earlier stage is less than that during the later stage.Treatment for 20 days was more effective than that for 10 days.(2)Under short day treatment,days from flowering to maturity of theaccessions from Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces became less,while days ofthose from places south of Jilin and Liaoning provinces became more,but theflowering date became significantly earlier though the later vegetative growthbecame prolific and plants matured later.This is due to that short-day habitof accessions from places of lower latitude is more stronger.(3)Under short-day treatment,the plants simultaneously became shorterand earlier.Response of wild and semi-wild soybeans to short-day treatmentdid not manifest on variation of number of branches and number of nodes onmain stems,because such soybeans are heavily branched and with vine typegrowth habit.Weight of the whole vegetative part may be an appropriate indexfor such response.(4)The effect of short-day treatment (promotion of earlier flowering andinduction of shorter plant) is significantly correlated with the latitude ofplaces of origin of the accessions.Accessions from the lower latitude weremore typical on short-day habit than those from places of higher latitude.