基于SWAP和MODFLOW模型的引黄灌区用水管理策略

大部分引黄灌区并没有实现地表水和地下水的合理利用，存在着水源浪费和地下水过度开采等问题。为了合理调配水资源，该文以河南柳园口灌区为背景，运用SWAP和Visual-MODFLOW分别建立了土壤水分运动模型和地下水三维非稳定流模型，用实测资料进行了率定和验证。利用SWAP模型模拟了2006年至2007年不同灌溉标准条件下的灌溉制度，提出了适宜的灌水控制标准，并且根据提出的灌水控制标准对多年的灌溉制度及不同地下水埋深下的灌水量及产量状况进行了模拟，得到了地下水埋深适宜范围。由SWAP模拟的灌溉制度确定地下水开采并且根据不同的种植结构和井渠灌溉比拟定了7个方案，利用MODFLOW模型对灌区地下水系统对各方案的响应进行模拟。结果表明，北部引黄量的30%采用抽取地下水并把节省的引黄量输送到南部，可以使地下水埋深基本控制在适宜的范围之内，并能有效地减少潜水蒸发。

Water management strategies of Yellow River Irrigation District based on SWAP and MODFLOW models

Utilization of surface water and groundwater is unreasonable in most of the Yellow River Irrigation Areas, which causes extremely water wasting and grondwater overexploiting problems. In order to allocate water resources reasonably, this paper established soil moisture model and 3D transient groundwater model with SWAP and Visual MODFLOW in Liuyuankou Irrigation System. The models were calibrated and verified with measured data. Irrigation schedules were simulated by SWAP under different irrigation control standards within 2006 to 2007 and the appropriate irrigation control standard was proposed. Based on this proposed standard, Multi-year irrigation schedules and Irrigation water and crop relative yield in different groundwater depth were simulated by SWAP, to get the optimum range of groundwater depth. Exploitation quantity and time were determined by multi-year irrigation schedules. Seven schemes which were drafted according to different crops planting structure and well-canal irrigation ratio were simulated by MODFLOW. The results showed that the proposed strategy, which 30% of irrigation amount from Yellow River in the north pumps groundwater and conveys the saving water to the south, can maintain reasonable groundwater depth and effectively decrease groundwater evaporation losses.