抛膜链齿输送式残膜回收机设计与试验

新疆棉田残膜污染问题严重,机械回收残膜是目前主要的回收方式。现有残膜回收机普遍采用弹齿或伸缩杆齿式起膜装置,回收过程中容易出现残膜缠绕工作部件、卸膜难等问题,影响起膜和卸膜效果。为此,借鉴现有机型的优点,通过刨膜辊刀起膜、抛膜辊刀抛送原理,设计一种起膜抛送、链齿输送、自动脱膜的抛膜链齿输送式残膜回收机。该机具主要由起膜装置、输送装置、脱膜装置、传动系统和集膜箱等组成。残膜通过抛送起膜,配合链齿输送,实现残膜与土块分离,保证了起膜的可靠性;利用自动脱膜和刮板式脱膜机构完成卸膜,解决了残膜缠绕、卸膜难的问题。田间试验结果表明:当作业速度为4~7 km/h时,残膜回收率均值为90.6%,机具作业效率均值为0.84 hm~2/h,残膜含杂率均值为3.971%,当作业速度较快时,提高了作业效率,但回收率降低,含杂率增大。当作业速度为5 km/h时,回收率均值为91.8%,作业效率均值为0.733 hm~2/h,含杂率均值为2.605%,为较适宜的作业速度。该机具运行可靠,起膜与脱膜效果较好,可用于新疆棉田残膜回收。

Design and Experiment of Sprocket Conveying Residual Film Recycling Machine of Casting Film

The problem of residual film pollution is serious in the cotton fields of Xinjiang, and the mechanical recycling of residual film is the main recycling method. In the existing residual film recycling machines, spring tine or telescopic rod tine film producing device are commonly used, thus the phenomenon that residual film winds work piece is prone to occur, affecting the effect of film producing and removal. In view of the above problems, a sprocket conveying residual film recycling machine of casting film with film producing throwing, sprocket conveying and automatic film stripping was designed according to the advantages of the existing models based on the principles of planer cylinder knife film producing and casting film cylinder knife throwing. The machine was mainly composed of film-producing device, conveying device, film stripping device, transmission system and film collecting box. The residual film by throwing up film with chain gear conveying realized the separation of residual film and film clod, ensured the reliability of automatic stripping, and the scraper stripping mechanism to complete unloading film, plastic film, solved the difficult problem of removing film winding. The results of the field experiment showed that when the operating speed was 4~7km/h, the average value of the recycling rate of residual film was 90.6%, the average value of working efficiency of the machine was 0.84hm2/h, and the average value of impurity rate of residual film was 3.971%. When the operating speed was fast, the working efficiency was improved, but the recycling rate was reduced, and the impurity rate was increased. When the operating speed was 5km/h, the average value of the recycling rate was 91.8%, the working efficiency was 0.733hm2/h, and the average value of impurity rate was 2.605%, so it was more suitable operation speed. The machine was operated well, which had good effects of film producing and stripping, and it can be used for the recycling of residual film in the cotton fields of Xinjiang, it can also provide design reference for residual film recycling machine.