影响蜜蜂为农作物授粉效能的因素分析

授粉不足日益成为影响国内农业生产的一项严重问题。蜜蜂是高效的授粉昆虫，在我国大规模饲养，应在解决作物授粉不足问题上发挥重要作用。在实际利用蜜蜂进行授粉时，因不同群势大小的蜂群内部需求不一样，蜜蜂采集的偏好性不同。而授粉对象作物的泌蜜、泌粉情况也是不同的，对蜜蜂的吸引力也有所差别。这些差异最终导致在利用蜜蜂为农作物授粉时的效率差别较大。为高效利用蜜蜂为作物授粉，探究为不同泌蜜和泌粉状况作物授粉的合适蜂群，笔者分析了不同开花作物的泌蜜、泌粉类型，以及不同大小群势蜂群的内在需求、采集行为和偏爱性等与授粉相关的生物学特性，得出了利用强群为泌蜜较多或者蜜粉均较多类作物授粉，以及利用3~4脾左右小群为粉多蜜少类作物授粉的结论。该结果具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。

Analysis on the Factors Affecting Honeybee Pollination Efficiency for Agricultural Crops

Crops pollination deficiency is becoming one of the serious problems in agricultural production in China. Honeybee is naturally an efficient pollinator, and was breed on a large scale in China, thus should be applied in solving the crop pollination deficient problem. When using the honeybee to pollinate crops, the attractiveness of crops to honeybee is different due to the difference in nectar and pollen secretion. While the requirement for food between the large and small colony is different, leading to the difference in foraging preference for pollen or nectar. Those differences ultimately affect the efficiency in using honeybee pollination for crops. To explore the appropriate colony scale for different nectar and pollen secretion crops and efficiently utilizing honeybee for crops pollination, nectar and pollen secretion of crops were classified to several types. Then the biological characteristics of bee colony related to pollination such as colony internal requirements and foraging preference were detail discussed. Lastly, a conclusion of utilizing large scale bee colony pollinating for more nectar secretion crops type, and small scale colony around 3-4 comps pollinating for more pollen less nectar secretion crops type were drew. Such a conclusion was theoretic important and could be used for directing honeybee pollination for crops.