滤食性双壳贝类对工厂化养殖废水中悬浮物的生物滤除研究

针对海水鱼类半滑舌鳎养殖池排出水中大量絮状悬浮物难以用常规机械过滤法去除的问题，选择适应能力强的滤食性双壳贝类长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）和紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis），通过现场实验测定了它们对鱼类养殖排出水中悬浮物的生物滤除能力。结果表明，在海水流速为100 L·h^-1条件下，牡蛎壳高（9.80±0.45）cm，湿重（117.0±10.0）g]和贻贝壳高（6.54±0.26）cm，湿重（29.7±2.4）g]对养殖排出水悬浮物的生物沉积速率分别为40.28～45.30 mg·ind^-1·d^-1平均（43.40±2.16）mg·ind^-1·d^-1]和6.96～8.87 mg·ind^-1·d^-1平均（7.66±0.99）mg·ind^-1·d^-1]；在实验海水流速为150 L·h-1条件下，牡蛎壳高（9.33±0.99）cm，湿重（95.8±31.4）g]和贻贝壳高（6.39±0.91）cm，湿重（28.0±15.4）g]对悬浮物的生物沉积速率分别为13.68～22.50 mg·ind^-1·d^-1平均（17.35±4.59）mg·ind^-1·d^-1]和 5.37～5.67 mg·ind^-1·d^-1平均（5.55±0.15）mg·ind^-1·d^-1]。表明长牡蛎和贻贝两种双壳贝类对半滑舌鳎养殖池出水中悬浮物具备很强的生物滤除潜力，且能吸收和利用悬浮物中的有机质实现养殖废物的生物资源化利用。

A Study on Biologically Filter-Removing of Suspended Particles in Industrial Aquaculture Wastewater with Filter-Feeding Bivalves

In industrial aquaculture wastewater, there occur large quantities of suspended particles from undigested remains and fish feces that are easily physically broken up. Especially it is difficult to remove the floeculent suspended solids from culture pond of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther with conventional mechanical filter methods. In this study, we chose two kinds of filter-feeding bivalves, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to remove the suspended solids from fish aquaculture wastewater in flow through systems. Results showed that when water flow speed was 100 L·h^-1, the biologically filter-removing rate of suspended particles by C. g/gas （shell height 9.80±0.45 cm; individual wet weight 117.0±10.0 g ） and M. galloprovincialis （shell height 6.54±0.26 cm; individual wet weight 29.70±2.44 g） were 40.28±45.30 mg·ind^-1·d^-1（average 43.37 mg· ind^-1· d^-1 ） and 6.96-8.87mg·ind^-1·d^-1 （ average7.66 mg·ind^-1·d^-1）, respectively; and when the flow waste-water speed was 150 L· h^-1, the biologically filter-removing rate of suspended particles by oysters（shell height 9.33±0.99 cm; individual wet weight 95.78±31.44g） and mussels（shell height 6.39±0.91 cm; individual wet weight 28.03±15.4 g） were 13.68-22.50（average 17.35） mg·ind^-1·d^-1 and 5.37-5.67（average 5.55） mg·ind^-1·d^-1, respectively. Also, we found that the POM, and C, N, and P in sediments of oyster system were significantly lower than those of the control system. We conclude that the two species C. Gigas and M. galoprovincialis have a considerable potential to filter and remove Suspended particles from aquaculture wastewater, and simultaneously yield the biological resource use.