转基因动物研究进展

转基因动物技术始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,近 3 0年来 ,随着研究的深入 ,转基因动物的制作技术得到了突破性的发展。最初的原核注射法是应用最普遍、最可靠、效果最稳定的一种方法。但该方法存在价格昂贵 ,整合率低及不能定点整合的问题 ,所以近几年来转基因动物技术已出现了胚胎干细胞法 ,精子载体法 ,体细胞核移植法和人工酵母染色体法等一系列新方法。随着这些技术的不断发展 ,转基因动物技术应用正以其突出的优越性指导着多个领域的工作。目前 ,它的应用已渗透到基础理论、疾病动物模型、人异种器官移植、制药、畜牧兽医等领域。转基因动物应用正走向产业化的道路 ,具有十分广阔的前景。但作为一个新兴的技术 ,转基因动物研究还面临着一些急需解决的问题

Progress in Studies of Transgenic Animals

Transgenic animal's technology started in the 1980 S.With the deepening study, The manufacturing technology of the transgenic animal has got breakthrough development in the past 30 years. The initial one microinjection of DNA constructs into pronuclei of zygotes has been the method of choice for the generation of transgenic animals. However, This procedure is characterized by low efficiency (1% 4% transgenic offspring),random integration and variable expression of the transgene as well as considerable proportion of mosaicism. Furthermore, it is extremely time consuming and costly. As a result,some new approaches have been used. These included embryo stem cell method, sperm carrier method, nuclei transfer of somatic cells method,artificial yeast chromosome method, etc. With constant development of the technology,the application of transgenic animals is guiding many fields with its outstanding superiority. At present, the application has been permeated through the basic theory, disease animal model, people different kinds of organ transplant, pharmacy, animal husbandry and veterinary etc. already. The transgenic animal application which has a very wide prospect is moving towards the industrializing road. But as a new developing technology,some problems that we are farcing and urgently are proposed in this paper.