多肉植物的景观应用及发展趋势

明确解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对拟石莲花属(Echeveria)多肉植物黑腐病病原菌——尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的生防效果。

从小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta)根部分离和鉴定了1株内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌OMR1-7菌株，测定其对拟石莲花属多肉植物品种血色罗密欧黑腐病菌F. oxysporum KMEARM-2菌株和静夜黑腐病菌F. oxysporum KMJY6菌株的拮抗效果、产铁载体和生物膜能力、定殖能力以及温室防效。

OMR1-7菌株对2种黑腐病菌菌丝抑制率分别为57.15%和74.29%，菌体抑制率分别为84.82%和86.15%。该菌株可造成2种黑腐病菌的侵染结构畸形，产孢量减少。该菌株产铁载体相对量为80.98%，具有较强的铁元素竞争能力，且能够产生生物膜，在血色罗密欧和静夜植株的根、茎、叶内稳定定殖，预防黑腐病菌的侵入和蔓延。OMR1-7菌株对血色罗密欧和静夜黑腐病具有良好的生防效果，温室防效分别为80.08%和78.89%。

研究结果将为拟石莲花属多肉植物黑腐病的生物防治提供微生物菌种资源，为相关生防菌剂及制剂研发提供参考。

Fusarium wilts of ornamental crops and their management

To clarify the biocontrol effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OMR1-7 against Fusarium oxysporum causing black rot disease in Echeveria succulent plants. The endophytic bacterial strain OMR1-7 isolated from the root tissues of Oryza minuta was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens in this study. The antagonistic effects of B. amyloliquefaciens OMR1-7 against F. oxysporum KMEARM-2 on E. agavoides cv. ‘Romeo’ and F. oxysporum KMJY6 on E. derenbergii cv. ‘Purpus’, the pathogens causing black rot disease in succulent plants of the genus Echeveria, was evaluated. Furthermore, its ability to produce iron carriers and biofilms, colonization capacity, and greenhouse efficacy were also determined. The hyphal growth suppressive rates and colony inhibition rates of this antagonistic bacterium against these two pathogens were determined to be 57.15%-74.29% and 84.82%-86.15%, respectively. Due to the antagonistic effect of B. amyloliquefaciens OMR1-7, these two pathogens produced abnormal hyphae and decreased sporulation. B. amyloliquefaciens OMR1-7 produced siderophores with a relative yield of 80.98%, indicating the strong competition for iron. This strain formed biofilms to colonize in the root, stem and leaf tissues of plants, which could prevent the invasion and spread of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, the biocontrol efficiency of B. amyloliquefaciens OMR1-7 against pathogens of E. agavoides cv. ‘Romeo’ and E. derenbergii cv. ‘Purpus’ black rot disease in the greenhouse was determined to be 80.08% and 78.89%, respectively. The results will provide the biocontrol microbial resource, which can develop the microbial fungicide, for preventing black rot disease in Echeveria succulent plants.