Container characteristics influence Pinus pinea seedling development in the nursery and field |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro Nacional de Mejora Forestal El Serranillo, DGCONA, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, APDO 249, 19004 Guadalajara, Spain;2. TRAGSA, Departamento de Viveros C/Maldonado 45, Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;1. Institute of Geography, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International, 2121 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202, USA;3. Centre for International Postgraduate Studies of Environmental Management - CIPSEM, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 41c, 01217 Dresden, Germany;4. Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Strasse 7, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;1. Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo Campus de Viesques, Edificio 3, 33204 Gijón, Spain;2. Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Julian Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;3. Life Sciences Department, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), 4715-330, Braga, Portugal;1. Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil;2. Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil;1. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P.O. Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal;2. Laboratory of Applied Ecology, CITAB ? Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal;3. Mountain Research Center (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;4. CBMA ? Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;1. Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun 33657, Republic of Korea;3. Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;4. National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;5. Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The growth and development of Pinus pinea seedlings grown in different containers was followed through one growing season in the nursery and 3 years following outplanting in the field. The variables studied in the nursery were height, diameter, biomass of shoots and roots, nutrient uptake and root density. The measured field variables, height and diameter increment and survival, were correlated with the nursery variables. Container volume had the greatest influence on plant morphology. Containers with larger rooting volume had seedlings with larger height and diameter, greater nutrient content, and better field performance. Growing density was correlated with seedling morphology and nutrient concentration in the nursery. Among the variables that influenced container volume, the diameter of the container was the most important, while the depth of the container had a minor influence on seedling morphology.The best indicator of seedling development in the nursery was the ratio of container depth to container diameter, and the optimum ratio was 4. All containers produced seedlings with some root spiralling, including those containers with ribs. There was no relationship between either the number of spiralling roots or the angle of spiralling and container characteristics. Furthermore, root spiralling did not influence seedling performance following outplanting. Root density (root biomass/cm3) was inversely correlated with container volume but there was no correlation with either depth or growing density. The largest plants were produced with container volumes of 300–400 cm3, depth/diameter ratios of 4, and growing densities of 200–300 seedlings/m2. These growing conditions will result in larger Pinus pinea seedlings coming out of the nursery, which will increase growth following outplanting. |
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