Evidence of continued effects from timber harvesting on lotic amphibians in redwood forests of northwestern California |
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| Institution: | 1. USDA Forest Service, PSW Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA;1. Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program, Oregon State University, Badgley Hall 205, One University Blvd., La Grande, OR 97850, USA;2. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1401 Gekeler Ln., La Grande, OR, 97850, USA;1. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, USA;2. US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Research on Ecosystem Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA;3. US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Air, Water and Aquatic Environments Science Program, Boise, ID 83702, USA;4. SRA International, Fairfax, VA 22033, USA;1. Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada;2. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5E2, Canada;1. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;1. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;2. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;3. Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;1. Weyerhaeuser Co., Forestry Research, PO Box 9777, WTC 1A5, Federal Way, WA 98063, United States;2. Weyerhaeuser Co., Stabler Forest Research Center, 505 North Pearl Street, Centralia, WA 98531, United States |
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| Abstract: | We compared species richness and relative abundance of stream-associated amphibians in late-seral redwood forests with those in mid-seral, second-growth forests to examine the continued (as opposed to immediate) effects of timber harvest on amphibian populations. Lacking pre-harvest data on amphibian abundances for streams in the second-growth stands, we assumed that nearby tributaries transecting late-seral stands with similar topography and flora harbored similar numbers of animals as second-growth stands prior to harvest. The study was conducted in two blocks (ca. 160 km apart) with three matched-pairs of streams per block. The mid-seral forests (treatment, n = 6) ranged from 37 to 60 years post-harvest; the late-seral forests (control, n = 6) consisted of unharvested stands. We conducted nocturnal visual encounter surveys to sample for amphibians in spring, summer, and fall, for 2 years, with three repeated visits per season. Environmental factors, including water temperature, air temperature, and fine sediment loads were also recorded. Results indicated that amphibian species richness and relative abundances of lotic amphibians were significantly greater in the late-seral forest streams compared with streams transecting mid-seral forests. Water and air temperatures were similar in both forest types, but streams in mid-seral forests had greater amounts of fine sediments compared with the streams in the late-seral forests. |
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