Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets |
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| Authors: | Carolyn Cray |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA;2. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA;3. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System—Tulare, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA USA.;1. Gulf Coast Avian & Exotics, Houston, TX USA;2. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX USA.;1. Department of Toxicology and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA;2. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare Branch, University of California-Davis, Tulare, CA USA. |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
The acute phase response (APR) is a key part of the innate immune system and acute phase proteins (APPs) represent the core of the early response to stimuli such as trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and autoimmune disease. These biomarkers have a different timeline and magnitude of expression vs traditional means of examining inflammation (e.g., total white blood count and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio). Extensive studies conducted in companion and large animals have demonstrated many clinical applications for inflammatory biomarkers including diagnosis, prognosis, detection of subclinical disease and chronic inflammation, and monitoring stress. This article provides information regarding the APR and the uses of APP quantitation, as well as the growing body of information on APPSs in exotic animals. |
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| Keywords: | acute phase protein acute phase response biomarker haptoglobin inflammation serum amyloid A |
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