不同栽培技术对水稻产量及径流NPK流失的影响

在大田试验条件下,以水稻品种苏101为供试材料,设置超高产生产技术、常规生产技术和减肥生产技术3个处理,研究不同栽培技术对水稻产量及农田径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明:超高产生产技术水稻产量比常规生产技术增加了11.1%,减肥生产技术与常规生产技术产量差异不大;试验年度稻季农田总径流深为3.9×10² mm;稻田地表径流水体总N、总P和K流失量从高到低均依次为超高产生产技术、常规生产技术和减肥生产技术,处理间的差异多达到显著水平;减肥生产技术与常规生产技术稻田地表径流NPK流失率差异不大,但均显著大于超高产生产技术;不同栽培技术条件下水稻N肥的偏生产力从大到小依次为减肥生产技术> 常规生产技术> 超高产生产技术;超高产生产技术在显著提高水稻产量的同时,也增加了稻田地表径流NPK流失量,虽然采取秸秆还田和耕翻措施可使其NPK流失率显著降低,但其N肥偏生产力显著降低,而采取秸秆还田的减肥生产技术,水稻产量与常规生产技术大致相当,且稻田地表径流NPK流失量显著降低,N肥的偏生产力显著增加,因而是一种更为环保型的栽培技术措施。

Effect of Different Cultivation Techniques on Rice Yield and NPK Runoff Losses

Cultivation techniques greatly influence crop yield and nutrient dynamics. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different cultivation techniques on rice yield and the amounts and rates of total nitrogen(N), total phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) runoff losses. The rice cultivar Su 101 was chosen. Three treatments including super high production technique(SP), conventional production technique(CP), and reduced fertilization production techniques(RP) were employed. Compared to CP, SP increased rice yield by 11.1%,but RP did not show obvious difference in rice yield. Total runoff depth was 3.9×102 mm during rice growth season. Amounts of total N, total P, and total K losses were significantly different among treatments, and were in order of SP> CP> RP. The rates of NPK losses did not show significant difference between RP and CP, but they were significantly higher than that of SP. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen was RP> CP> SP. Although SP significantly increased the rice yield, it caused significant increases in total N, total P, and K losses. While CP significantly decreased the NPK loss rates, the partial factor productivity of nitrogen was low. The RP produced rice yield equivalent to that of CP, whereas it significantly decreased the total N, total P, and K losses with increased partial factor productivity of nitrogen.