护坡拦蓄保水措施对三峡地区坡地土壤水分含量及玉米的影响

通过大田试验，研究护坡拦蓄保水措施对三峡地区坡地玉米农艺性状、产量及土壤含水量的影响。结果显示：在玉米全生育期，护坡拦蓄保水能明显降低地表径流量，增加土壤存留量，与对照区相比，拦蓄能力为总降水量的5．1％，保水能力提高了42．2％；各层土壤平均重量含水量比对照区高4．9个百分点；在相同的肥力梯度条件下，护坡拦蓄保水措施使玉米地径增大0．2～0．4cm，苗高增加14．5～49．9cm，叶片数增加1片，最大叶片长度增长2．2～8．8cm。护坡拦蓄保水具有明显的增产效应，在不施肥、低肥、高肥、特高肥条件下，分别增产85．9％、21．4％、10．9％和5．1％。护坡拦蓄保水措施对玉米千粒重影响不大，但与施肥水平有关，表现为低肥〈高肥〈特高肥，其千粒重依次为362±1g、370±1g和381±1g。

Influence of Slope Protection Water-retention Measures on Maize and Slope Soil Moisture Content in Three Gorges Region

The influence of the slope protection water-retention measures on maize growth and yields and soil moisture content in the Three Gorges was studied through the field experiments. The results showed that the slope protection water-retention was able to decrease the surface ruoff and increase the soil water reserves during the growing period of maize. The capability of water-retention was by 5. 1% of the total precipitation amount, and the water protection increased by 42.2% , while the average moisture content at each soil layer increased by 4.9% , compared with the check. Under the condition of the different grades of the soil fertility, the slope protection water-retention measures enlarged the basal diameter of the maize with 0.2-0.4cm, while the maize height increased by 14.5-49.9cm, the number of leaves increased one and the biggest leaf lengthened by 2.2-8.8era. The slope protection water-retention had an obvious effect of yields. Under the condition of no fertilizer application, low-heavily fertilizer application, highheavily fertilizer application and highestheavily fertilizer application, the maize yield increased by 85.9% , 21.4% , 10.9% and 5.1% respectively. The slope protection water-retention had not significant impacts on thousand grain weight of the maize, which was related to the capability of fertilizer application.