苹果改良纺锤形树形整形修剪技术研究

对当年定植的苹果幼树刻芽定干，提高了整形带内的萌芽率和发枝率，以刻3芽和刻4芽效果最好。作小主枝缓放处理的1a生枝在基部刻枝条的侧芽、背下芽，在刻芽数占总芽数的1／5、1／3、2／3等3个处理中，随刻芽数增加萌芽率提高，以刻2／3芽的处理萌芽率最高，达91.1%；作小主枝的1m以下的1a生枝极重短截，可极明显地促发壮枝，年生长量可达145.7cm;小主枝基产重环剥可控制旺梢生长,利于花芽分化,提高成花率;对基部小主枝的侧生分枝拉枝、刻芽，可提高萌芽率和中、短枝比例。采用改良纺锤形整形的乔砧矮化密植2001苹果，栽后第2年见花，第3年就有一定产量，第4年进入初结果期，单株产量可达32.8kg。

RESEARCH ON THE SHAPING AND PRUNING TECHNEQUES OF IMPROVED-SPINDLE ON APPLE TREE

With carving the buds and cutting the trunk of the young apple trees which were planted in the same year, the bud- rate and the grow- branch- rate of the pruned zone are raised. Carving the third and the fourth buds can get the best results. The side-bud and below-bud at the basal of one-year branches which are grown free as small boughs are carved. In the three treatments that the number of the carved buds are one fifth,one third,two thirds times of the number of total buds, the bud-rate raise with the increase of the number of the carved buds. And the bud-rate of the treatment that the number of carved buds is two thirds time of the number of total buds is the highest, the bud-rate is 91 1%; One-year branch as small bough whose length is under one meter is heavily short-cutting, then the strong branch can be grown much obviously, the annual growth quantity can reach 145 7 cm; With circularly peeling the bark on the base of small bough, it is effective to control the growth of the strong tip. It is advantage for bud differentiation and raising the rate of the forming flower. Hauling branch and carving buds at the side-branch on the basal small bough can raise the bud-rate and the proportion of the middle and the short branch. After pruning with the method named improved-spindle, the shortly and densely planted 2001 apple tree of tall stock will bloom in the next year. There is a certain extent yield the third year. And the tree will enter the fruition initial stages the fourth year. The yield of each tree can reach 32 8 kg.