西北旱地春小麦耗水与干物质分配的基因型差异分析

在西北半干旱雨养条件下,研究了15个现代春小麦品种间的降水利用效率、耗水量以及干物质积累与分配。结果表明,品种间的水分利用效率平均为7.8kg/(hm2.mm),品种间最高相差1.09倍;平均耗水量一般在240.5～308.5mm之间,最高相差28.3%。品种间开花前和开花后光合积累对籽粒贡献差异很大,花前储备对籽粒贡献平均为25%,但品种间差异较大(10%～49%);成熟期各器官干物质质量分数为:籽粒(42%)>茎秆+叶鞘+叶片(40%)>穗轴+颖壳(18%),但品种间差异较大,最大分别相差112%、63%和27%;品种间对土壤水分消耗差异较大,其中在生育时期上以分蘖期和180～200cm土层土壤含水率差异最大。

Variation Analysis on Water Consumption and Dry Matter Distribution of Spring Wheat in Rainfed Regions of Northwest China

Fifteen experimental treatments were designed to study on water-use efficiency(WUE),water consumption,dry matter accumulation(DMA)and distribution among 15 cultivars of spring wheat under the rain-fed conditions of semi-arid areas in Northwest of China.Results showed that the average WUEamong varieties was up to 7.8kg/(hm2.mm),and the highest was 1.09 times than the lowest;The average amount of water consumption among varieties ranged from 240.5mm to 308.5mm,and the difference between its maximum and minimum was 28.3%.There were significant differences of dry matter accumulation(DMA)and distribution at pre-flowering and post-flowering among fifteen varieties,and the contribution to grains was lower at pre-flowering stage than that at post-flowering stage,but the difference among varieties for the former was 10%～49%.The proportions of dry matter distribution to different organs at maturity were as followed:grain(42%)>stem+sheath+leaf(40%)>spike axis+glume(18%),however,there was also difference in different organs,and the great differences of grain,stem+sheath+ leaf and spike axis+glume among varieties were up to 112%,63% and 27%respectively.Water consumptions in different growth stages and soil layers were different,and the maximum difference appeared at tillering stage and deeper soil layer of 180～200cm.