中国鹤类动物发生疾病统计分析

依据已有文献资料记载，分析了中国近25a来鹤类动物发生的疾病。丹项鹤、白鹤、黑颈鹤、白枕鹤、灰鹤、蓝鹤、蓑羽鹤、白头鹤，共8种鹤有发病资料，丹项鹤疾病占统计总数的64．12％。营养因素、寄生虫、细菌是引起鹤发病的主要原因，有机磷中毒是造成野生鹤大批死亡的主要原因，球虫病、血液原虫病是造成圈养鹤大批死亡的主要疾病。幼鹤腿部疾病和痛风是主要的营养性疾病，吸虫、球虫、住白细胞原虫是导致发病主要的寄生虫，巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌是引起发病的主要细菌，有机磷是造成中毒的主要原因，新城疫病毒、马立克病毒、疱疹病毒亦可引起鹤发病。加强饲养管理与合作，改善环境条件，提高饲养人员的业务素质，完善保护法律和落实措施，是减少疾病发生和死亡有效措施。

Statistical Analysis of Diseases of Cranes in China

We used published references to analyze the diseases of cranes over the last 25 years in China. We compiled disease records of eight species of cranes, including Red - crowned Crane （ Grus japonensis ） Siberian Crane （ Grus leucogeranus ） , Black - necked Crane （ Grus nigricollis ） , White - naped Crane （ Grus vipio ） , Common Crane （ Grus grus ） , Stanley Crane （Anthropoides paradisea） , Demoiselle Crane （ Anthropoides virgo ） and Hooded Crane （ Grus monacha ） . Records for Red - crowned Crane were most numerous, accounting for 64% of the total. Nutrition, parasites, and bacteria were the main causes crane of illness. Organophosphate poisoning was the main cause of death for a large number of wild cranes. Coccidiosis and hae- mosporidiosis were the main causes of death for a large number of captive cranes. Nestling crane leg disease and gout of nestling cranes were the main nutritional diseases. Trematoda, coccidia, haemosporidiosis were main parasites causing crane illnesses. Pasteurella, Escherichia coli were main bacteria causing crane illness. Organophosphate was the main cause of crane poisoning. Newcastle disease virus, Marek disease virus, and herpes virus also caused crane illness. Strengthening management and cooperation, improving environmental conditions, improving professional qualities of the management personnel, and en- hancing protection measures are recommended to reduce crane disease and mortality rates.