水稻雄性不育细胞质对杂种一代的影响

用夜公（Ｙ）、饶平野生稻（ＣＷ）、野败（ＷＡ）三种雄性不育细胞质的６９６４Ａ、二九矮４Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ分别与恢复系Ｔ４５配制９个组合进行随机区组试验，在相同细胞核背景下比较雄性不育细胞质对Ｆ１（杂种一代）的影响。结果表明：三种雄性不育细胞质对Ｆ１单株有效穗、穗长和产量有显著的影响。夜公和饶平野生稻两种细胞质明显地优于野败，但受不育系及核质互作所制约。相关和通径分析表明，单株有效穗、每穗粒数和结实率对单株产量有显著的直接作用。因此，在选育优良细胞质的同时，必须选育分蘖强、穗数多、可恢性好的大穗不育系，才较易配制强优组合。本文还讨论了夜公和饶平野生稻细胞质的利用以及不育系的可恢性问题，指出同质异核不育系的可恢性可能有本质差异，是水稻三系育种中值得注意的问题。

EFFECTS OF MALE STERILE CYTOPLASMS ON F 1 HYBRIDS IN RICE

Nine combinations were obtained by crossing nine mele sterile lines of three types of male sterile cytoplasms Y, CW, WA with their restorer T54, respectively. The differenced of effects of male sterile cytoplasms on F 1 hybrids with homonucleus backround were compared in a randomized bolck experiment. The effects of three types male sterile cytoplasms on the number of panicles, panicle length and grain yield in the F 1 hybrids were significant. The cytoplasms of Y and CW types were superior than that of WA type. But the effects were controlled by the nuclear gentypes and uncleo-cytoplasmic intoraction. Correlation-path anatysis indicated that the number of panicles, seed seting rate and the number of spikelets per panicle had direct influence on the single plant grain yield significantly. For developing strong superior hybrid rice, superior male sterile cytoplasms and the male sterile lines wtih bigger panicle, strong tiller,more number of panicles and high ability of restoration should be selected. The prollems on exploitation of Y type and CW type cytoplasm and the ability of restoration for make sterile lines were also discussed. It suggested that the fertility restoration may be different between the homoplasmus-allonucleus male sterile lines. This is an important prollem to breeding three lines hybrid rice.