内蒙古西部区马铃薯脱毒种薯快速繁育的研究——Ⅰ.脱毒小薯快速繁育技术的研究

内蒙古自治区是我国马铃薯重要的种薯生产基地，从７０年代初期开始研究脱毒种薯生产技术，８０年代已在生产上大面积推广应用，增产效果极为显著。内蒙古农科院马铃薯小作物所在原有研究工作的基础上，在ＵＮＤＰ及农业部两项目的资助下，对脱毒小薯快速繁育的一些关键技术措施进行了系统的研究。现已研究出一套快速繁育脱毒小薯的生产技术：试管苗采用简化培养基切段快繁，脱毒苗剪枝扦插快速育苗，基础苗以蛭石为基质采用Ａ２营养液４ｄ浇灌１次或６ｄ１次，以肥土为基质网室栽植育成的脱毒苗密度３万株／ｈｍ２左右，５６ｄ收获，收后栽于原地可再收脱毒小薯１～２次；并于８月上旬有翅桃蚜迁飞极盛期前割蔓，提早收获，以防止桃蚜危害并可预防晚疫病发生。采取这些配套的快速、丰产、低成本、优质的繁育技术措施，可为规模化生产脱毒种薯提供大批量的１０ｇ左右的优质脱毒小薯（原原种）。

POTATO RAPID MULTIPLICATION RESEARCH IN WESTERN INNER MONGOLIA ——Ⅰ. VIRUS-FREE MINITUBER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important potato seed production area in China. The tissue culture has started since early 1970's and popularized in 1980's. The potato yields have increased tremendously ever since. The Minor Crop and Potato Institute of Inner Mongolian Academy of Agricultural Sciences has systemically studied the key techniques of rapid multiplication for past decades. The success was mainly indebted to the two projects in operation from UNDP and Ministry of Agriculture. The whole set of techniques for rapid seed production can be described as follows: single -node cuttings in simplified media in vitro; stem-cutting in nurseries, using vercumilite as culture medium with application of A 2 nutrient solution for every 4 days or every 6 days; minituber production in screenhouse, with planting density 300 000 plants/ hectare, replanting 1～2 times in the same place after the first harvest. As a whole, the final harvest is completed in early August of each year, before aphid flight peak period. As a result, no threats are from virus infection and late blight invasion. These sets of rapid multiplication technique are reliable for the large scale production of high quality seed at low cost. The minitubers are usually about 10 grams in weight.