不同施肥量对枸杞生长、产量及外观品质的影响

【目的】滴灌条件下研究不同施肥量对枸杞生长、叶绿素、果实产量和果实外观品质等的影响,为南疆地区枸杞合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以4年生宁杞1号枸杞为试验材料,共设5个处理,重复3次,设置不施肥(对照)、低肥、中肥、高肥和常规习惯施肥5个施肥水平,分别记为CK、F₁、F₂、F₃和F₄,各处理施肥量按照施肥量的30%、40%和30%分别在营养生长期、开花结果期和秋果期三个时期施肥,分析不同施肥量对土壤养分状况、植株净生长量、干鲜果产量、叶绿素含量和果实外观品质的影响。【结果】随着施肥量的增加,土壤表层养分累积增加,pH值呈下降趋势,总盐含量影响呈增加的趋势;施肥量的增加显著增加结果枝数、抽新枝数和最长新枝的数量;施肥量对产量影响显著,产量由高到低依次为F₃＞F₂＞F₄＞F₁＞CK;SPDA值随着施肥量的增加呈增加趋势,但随着生育进程的推进,SPDA值总体呈下降趋势;施肥量增加粒度、纵径和百粒重等呈增加趋势。【结论】在滴灌条件下,67.5 kg/667 m²(N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O=1∶0.75∶0.5)的施肥量可促进枸杞植株生长,提高果实产量和外观品质,是适宜于枸杞生长的施肥量。

Effects of Different Fertilization Amounts on Growth,Yield and Appearance Quality of Lycium barbarum in Southern Xinjiang

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different fertilization amounts on theLycium barbarum (wolfberry) growth, chlorophyll, fruit yield and fruit appearance quality under the condition of drip irrigation, in the hope of providing a scientific basis for rational fertilization in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】The 4-year-old "Ningqi No.1" was used as the experimental material, a total of 5 treatments were set up, which were repeated 3 times, and 5 fertilization levels were set up: no fertilization (control), low fertilizer level, medium fertilizer level, high fertilizer level and farmers' customary fertilization level. They were recorded as CK, F₁, F₂, F₃ and F₄. The fertilization amount of each treatment was fertilized in the vegetative growth period, the flowering result period and the autumn fruit period according to the 30%, 40% and 30% of the fertilization amount. The effects of different fertilization amounts on soil nutrient status, net growth of plant, dry fresh fruit yield, chlorophyll content and fruit appearance quality were analyzed.【Result】With the increase of fertilization amount, the soil surface nutrient accumulation increased, the pH value decreased, and the total salt content increased. The increase in the amount of fertilizer significantly increased the number of fruiting shoots, the number of new shoots and the number of longest new shoots; The amount of fertilizer applied had a significant effect on the yield. The yield from high to low was F₃>F₂>F₄>F₁>CK. The value of SPDA increased with the increase of fertilization. However, with the advancement of fertility, the value of SPDA decreased; With the advancement of fertility process, the SPDA value showed a downward trend in general. The particle size, longitudinal diameter and 100-grain weight increased with the increase of fertilizer application. 【Conclusion】Under the drip irrigation condition, the fertilization amount of 67.5 kg/667 m² (N: P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.75:0.5) can promote the growth ofLycium barbarum plant and improve the yield and appearance quality, which is suitable for the growth ofLycium barbarum.