茶花红叶芽变品种‘金华美女’叶色突变相关主要化学成分含量变化

‘金华美女’是从‘贝拉大玫瑰’中选育出的茶花芽变品种,其主要特点是叶色呈现暗红色。分别测定了上述两个品种在4个不同发育阶段叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总花青苷、矢车菊素葡萄糖苷、总多酚、儿茶素和表儿茶素含量。结果表明:(1)在相同阶段,两个品种间叶绿素a和叶绿素b差异均不显著。认为红叶品种的叶绿素合成途径也正常,排除因叶绿素变异引起的叶色变异;(2)红叶品种‘金华美女’叶片中的类胡萝素含量显著低于绿叶品种‘贝拉大玫瑰’,可见其积累对‘金华美女’的叶色无影响;(3)在4个时期中,‘金华美女’叶片总多酚、儿茶素和表儿茶素的平均含量仅占‘贝拉大玫瑰’叶片中的相应含量的33.1%、42%和15%,可见变色品种叶片的多酚合成途径可能受到一定程度的阻碍。(4)‘金华美女’叶片中总花青苷平均含量达3.06 mg·g~(-1),是‘贝拉大玫瑰’的7倍。由此可见,叶片花青苷合成途径中红色类组分的积累和多酚合成途径中无色类组分的合成受阻,是引起‘金华美女’叶色变红的主要成因。

Content Change of Main Chemical Component Relating to the Red Leaf of Bud Mutation Camellia Variety ‘Jinhua Meinü’

Camellia japonica ‘Jinhua Meinü’,a bud mutation cultivar,is selected from C.japonica ‘Nuccio’s Bella Rossa'.As a new cultivar for appreciating both flowers and leaves,the characteristic of them are that they own red leaves during the growth period.For researching the colour-change mechanism of the new cultivar,we choose the leaves of‘ Jinhua Meinü’ for plant materials and 7 physiological indexes related the leaves color,which are the content of chlorophyll,carotenoid,total anthocyanin,cyanidin 3-O-glucoside,total polyphenols,catechins,epicatechins.The results show:(1) The quantity of chlorophyll a and b is approximate in the same stage,So chlorophyll can't cause the leaves difference of the 2 cultivars;(2) Although the content of carotenoid in red leaf cultivar is high than the green cultivar,according to the chemical property of carotenoid,the interference of it can be preliminarily excluded;(3) In the 4 leaf stages,the average content of total polyphenols,catechins and epicatechins account for only 33.1％,42％ and 15％ of ‘Nuccio’s Bella Rossa',so we can speculate the biosynthetic pathway of polyphenols is suffocated at some level;(4) The average content of total anthocyanins is 3.06 mg · g-1,which is 7 times of ‘Nuccio’s Bella Rossa'.Accordingly,we think the accumulation of anthocyanins incarnadine the leaves of ‘ Jinhua Meinü’,and the changes of biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins and polyphenols can be the reason.