重庆市优良乡土树种综合评价与选择研究

在对重庆市的自然条件及社会经济状况分析的基础上,对实地调查和通过资料查阅确定的60种重庆市优良乡土树种进行了综合评价及选择。分别依据不同用途的树种制定不同的选择标准,确定出若干评价指标：对用材树种选定了速生性、丰产性、耐瘠性、抗寒性、抗旱性、抗病虫害能力、干材形质、材用价值等8个指标;对生物质能源树种选定了速生性、丰产性、耐瘠性、抗寒性、抗旱性、抗病虫害能力、多用途性、工业价值等8个指标;对景观树种选定了观叶、观花、观果、观树形、抗寒性、抗旱性、抗病虫害能力、抗污染性、吸硫能力、滞尘能力、降低噪音能力等11个指标。采用3分制并提出了每个指标的分级标准,运用层次分析法来确定各个指标的权重,根据各指标的分值和权重对60个目标树种进行了综合评价。主要结果与结论如下：（1）对20种用材树种进行综合评价的结果表明：鹅掌楸、香椿、桤木、檫木、毛桂、香樟为综合效益较高的用材树种,苦楝、川楝、厚朴、山杜英等树种次之。（2）按照20种生物质能源树种的综合评价值大小,建议选择杜仲、桤木、苦楝、刺槐、光皮树、山桐子等树种作为生物质能源林建设的主要树种。此外,灯台树、山苍子、文冠果、麻栎、栓皮栎等可以作为备选树种。（3）通过对20种景观树种的综合评价分析得出,深山含笑、四照花、珙桐、栾树、枫香、厚朴等是非常优异的观赏树种,可作为绿化骨干树种,枫杨、山桐子、红豆树、伯乐树等可作为绿化基调树种。

A Study of Selection and Evaluation of Excellent Native Tree Species in Chongqing

On the basis of investigation and analysis of the natural conditions and socio-economic status,an evaluation was made of 60 excellent native tree species in Chongqing determined by field surveys and literature review in order to select certain superior species.Different evaluation and selection criteria were established according to different uses of the species.For timber species,eight indexes were selected.They were fast-growing ability,fertility,barren resistance,cold resistance,drought resistance,pest resistance,wood quality and market price.For biomass energy species,eight indexes were selected.They were fast-growing ability,fertility,barren resistance,cold resistance,drought resistance,pest resistance,versatility and market price.For ornamental species,11 indexes were selected.They were ornamental characteristics of leaves,ornamental characteristics of flowers,ornamental characteristics of fruits,ornamental characteristics of trees,cold resistance,drought resistance,pest resistance,pollution resistance,SO2-absorption ability,dust-absorption ability and noise-reduction ability.The three-score grade standard was adopted for each evaluation index,analytic hierarchy process（AHP） was used to determine the weight of each index,and the 60 target species were comprchensively evaluated according to each index score and weight.The main results and conclusions are as follows.（1） According to the comprehensive evaluation of 20 timber species,Liriodendron chinense,Toona sinensis,Alnus cremastogyne,Sassafras tzumu,Cinnamomum appelianum and Cinnamomum camphora are excellent native timber species,and Melia azedarach,Melia toosendan,Magnolia officinalis and Elaeocarpus sylvestris come second.（2） According to the comprehensive evaluation of 20 biomass energy species,it is recommended to choose Eucommia ulmoides,Alnus cremastogyne,Melia azedarach,Robinia pseudoacacia,Swida wilsoniana and Idesia polycarpa as main source species of biomass energy forest,and to choose Bothrocaryum controversum,Litsea cubeba,Xanthoceras sorbifolia,Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis as alternative trees.（3） According to the comprehensive evaluation of 20 ornamental species,Michelia maudiae,Dendrobenthamia japonica,Davidia involucrata,Koelreuteria paniculata,Liquidambar formosana and Magnolia officinalis are excellent ornamental trees and can be used as backbone species in the landscape project.In addition,Pterocarya stenoptera,Idesia polycarpa,Ormosia hosiei and Bretschneidera sinensis can be keynote trees.