寒冷地区温度、光照对水稻产量及品质的影响

通过对3个气候区,6个不同类型的品种,研究了寒冷地区温度、日照对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,温度是影响水稻产量与品质的主要气候因子,水稻出穗期随温度增高而提前,产量与品质随温度增高显著提高。日照对产量影响小于温度,子粒形成阶段日照长,有利于改善稻米品质。灌浆到成熟期(出穗后21～50d)的积温高,可以显著提高产量和产量性状值,出穗后积温与日照(尤其是出穗后21～50d)对产量和品质的影响大于出穗前,高温有利于提高产量与品质,日照量增加可以改善品质。

Effect of Temperature and Sunlight on Yield and Quality of Rice in Cold Area

The effect of temperature and sunlight on yield and quality of rice in cold area was studied using 6 rice varieties on 3 climatic districts. The main results were as follows: The main factor which affects yield and quality of rice in cold area was temperature. Heading date was brought forward, yield increased and quality improved as the temperature rose. Sunlight effect on yield was less than that of temperature. Quality of rice was improved when sunlight amount during grain forming stage rose. The yield and yield components was obviously increased if the cumulative temperature from grain forming to ripen stage, especially during 21 to 50 days after heading increased. The effect of cumulative temperature and sunlight after heading, especially during 21 to 50 days after heading was more important than that before heading. High temperature was propitious to increase yield and quality, and more sunlight could improve quality of rice.