4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机改进设计与试验

针对4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机田间收获试验中存在的传动速度偏高,输送系统易对薯块表皮造成擦伤,薯块输送和分级装袋自然流动不畅,有滞留堆积现象等问题,对该机传动系统、薯块输送系统进行了改进设计,并在平播旱地和全覆膜双垄播旱地进行了马铃薯收获试验。试验结果表明,改进机型土薯分离、薯秧分离、薯块输送、分级装袋等各部分的工作更协调、平稳、可靠,对全膜双垄播旱地和平播旱地马铃薯收获的质量和适应性好,对薯秧、杂草、地膜的分离能力强,可在不清除地膜、薯秧和杂草的条件下不缠绕、不堵塞地顺利作业;损失率、伤薯率、破皮率和含杂率分别低于0.8%、1.8%、2.9%和1.2%,较改进前显著降低,符合国家农业行业标准《NYT 1130-2006马铃薯收获机械》的规定;整机结构更紧凑,机组机动性更好,适用于土质松软、无板结的旱地(覆膜)种植马铃薯收获作业。

Improved design and test of 4UFD-1400 type potato combine harvester

Abstract: Aimed at the existing problems revealed in a field test of 4UFD-1400 potato combine harvester, such as higher transmission speed, easy bruising on potato tuber epidermis, and blockade in potato conveying and grading bagging process, the transmission system, potato tuber conveying system, and stalk separating device of the machine were improved, and potato harvest experiments were conducted on parallel sowing dry land and double ridge sowing fully-mulching dry land. The results of field harvest contrast tests showed that the devices for soil separation, stalk separation, potato tuber conveying, grading and bagging of the improved machine work more stably and reliably compared to the original one. The improved machine exhibits good quality and adaptability to the potato harvest both in the parallel sowing dry land and double ridge sowing fully-mulching dry land, and also good ability for the separation of potato seedlings, weeds, and mulch films. It can work effectively in the conditions without clearing mulch films, potato seedlings, and weeds. The improved design of the potato vertical lifting device and additional design of a chain rod type horizontal conveying device for graded tubers effectively prevents potato tubers from stacking and being in the conveying process, and enhances the soil separation. The potato harvester enables a one-stop achievement of potato digging, soil-potato separating, stalks, weeds, and mulch films removing, potato conveying, grading, collecting, and bagging procedures. The tuber size grading can be adjusted according to the user's requirements. The potato harvesting operation requires only one tractor driver and two auxiliary workers, which effectively decreases the labor cost, simplifies the commodity potato processing links, and enhances the production efficiency. When the harvester is matched with a John Deal JDT654 type tractor with the rated power of 48 kW, its working productivity achieves 0.46 hm2/h. Meanwhile, the potato loss rate, injury rate, skin-broken rate, and impurity rate are less than 0.8%, 1.8%, 2.9%, and 1.2%, respectively. These four indicators decrease significantly compared with the original machine, which meet the requirements of the national agricultural industrial standard as NY/T 1130-2006 potato harvesting machinery. The whole structure is more compact, and beautiful, and the assembling unit mobility is better. It is suitable for harvesting the potatoes planted in the dry land and the film covering dry land with soft soil and no hardening.