几种替代植物对入侵杂草紫茎泽兰的防控效果

为筛选适宜山地替代控制紫茎泽兰的优良物种,对贵州多种具有经济价值的替代植物进行了生态适应性、竞争力和防控效果试验。结果表明:种植当年宽叶雀稗和拉巴豆的盖度分别为100%和93%,较多年生黑麦草分别提高3.70倍和3.44倍;与紫茎泽兰竞争的相对拥挤系数分别为7.09和22.78,较多年生黑麦草分别提高2.43倍和7.80倍;挖除法替代植物宽叶雀稗和拉巴豆的防控效果分别为99.3%和96.9%,刈割法替代植物的防控效果均低于66.4%;宽叶雀稗种植次年的越冬率可达95%,盖度达100%,防控效果达99%以上,具有很好的持续控制作用;拉巴豆在北纬26.2°以北地区难以越冬,只能作一年生替代植物应用;非洲狗尾草、木豆等其他供试替代植物的盖度均小于90%,对紫茎泽兰的防控效果较差。

Control Effect of Several Replacement Plants on Invasive Weed Eupatorium adenophorum

To select the suitable plant species to control E.adenophorum in hilly area,the ecological adaptability,competitiveness and efficacy of a variety of replacement plants with economic value were studied in Guizhou.The results showed that the coverage of Paspalum wetsfeteini and Dolichos lablab were 100% and 93%,which increased by 3.70 and 3.44 times compared with Lolium perenne;Their relative crowding coefficient were 7.09 and 22.78 respectively,which increased by 2.43 and 7.80 times competed with E.adenophorum.Using the excavation method their replacement control efficacy were 99.3 % and 96.9%,respectively,and using the cutting method their efficacy was lower than 66.4%.The wintering rate of P.wetsfeteini was 95% and its coverage was still 100%;its efficacy of control on E.adenophorum remained at 99%,which indicated its good sustainable control effect.The wintering of D.lablab was difficult in the north region beyond N 26.2° and the plant could only be applied for annual replacement.The coverage of Setaria anceps,Cajanus cajan and other test plants were less than 90% and had a poor efficacy of control on E.adenophorum.