红富士苹果幼树越冬抽条的生理学研究

本试验以一年生红富士、新红星两苹果品种为试材,采用对比试验法研究了红富士苹果幼树越冬期生理特性及其与抽条的关系。结果表明,苹果幼树枝条越冬期有一个缓慢失水过程,越冬期根系吸水、枝条保水与失水不平衡会引起抽条。红富士幼树晚秋停止生长晚,枝条贮藏物质少,严冬期水解程度低、渗透调节物质含量少;枝条角质层结构松散、类脂物积累少,表皮蒸腾强度高。这是红富士幼树越冬期水分散失快、容易抽条的主要原因。

Study on Physiology of Shoots Shrivelling of Young Apple Trees (Var.Red Fuji) During winter

An experiment was carried out with two varieties of apple(RedFuji and Starkrimson,one-year-old)by a contrast method to study therelationship between the physiological characteristics and shoots shrivellingof young apple trees during winter.The result showed that the shoots ofyoung apple tree had a slow process of waterloss during wintertime Shootsshrivelling was caused by water absorbing by root sqstem and keeping orlossing of water was unbalanced so water disorder happened.The physiologieCharacters of var.Red Fuji as compared with those of var.starkrimson were,the eessation of shoot growth was later in late autumn;the reservesubstances were less;the level of hydrolysis was lower;the content ofosmotic and regulating matter were less;the constitution of cuticle of shootwas looser;the accumulation of lipoid was less but the intensity oftranspiration of epidermis was higher.Thus a conclusion can be drawn thatthese are the main causes that the evaporation of water of young var.RedFuji trees is quick and the shouts are easy to shrivel.