稻田应用“水肥一体化”的现状、问题与思考

水肥一体化技术是在灌溉的同时将肥料混合施入土壤的集灌溉和施肥于一体的技术。发展和应用水肥一体化技术不仅可以达到节水省肥的目的,还是实现农业精确定量、智慧管理的重要途径。本文概述了水肥一体化在国内外的研究进展和水肥一体化中滴灌等技术在设施栽培以及玉米、棉花等作物生产中的应用现状。对滴灌技术在水稻中应用存在的成本高、环境不友好、品种适应性差等问题进行了分析,并提出对应的沟渠改造、加强滴灌管道建设、垄畦栽培结合、水肥药一体化和筛选新品种等解决方法。本文为水肥一体化在水稻栽培中的应用提供了参考,探索了水肥一体化水稻栽培未来的方向。

Current State,Problem and Prospect of Application of “Water and Fertilizer Integration” in Rice Cultivation

The water and fertilizer integration technology is a cutting-edge technology combined irrigation and fertilization during the crop growth. Application of water and fertilizer integration technology can not only improve the use efficiency of water and fertilizer, but also be an critical pathway by which to realize the intelligent management of agriculture. We summarized the research progress of “water and fertilizer integration” for the past decades, and introduced the technological models and the status of its application in facility and field crop, such as corn and cotton. Furthermore, we summarized the problems of applying current technological methods in rice, e.g. high cost, unfriendly environment and poor adaptability of varieties and also discussed possible solutions concerning the issues. Thereby, we proposed that reconstruction of irrigation ditches, proper use of drip irrigation pipe, utilization of ridge and furrow model, integration of water, fertilizer and pesticides, and screening available varieties, may provide a better solution for further application of the fertigation in rice production.