砂仁茎叶和‘热研4号’王草混合青贮对其营养成分及发酵品质的影响

为有效利用热区农业废弃物砂仁茎叶及优质牧草资源,添加不同比例的砂仁茎叶与‘热研4号’王草混合青贮,研究其对王草营养成分和发酵品质的影响,筛选最佳混合青贮比例,以期提高饲料营养品质。按照完全随机设计试验,鲜重基础条件下,‘热研4号’王草和砂仁茎叶的混合比例依梯度分为100∶0（对照组）、90∶10（A₁组）、80∶20（A₂组）、70∶30（A₃组）,每组均加入10 mg/kg的EM菌,青贮30 d后开封进行检测分析。结果表明：各试验组乳酸（LA）/乙酸（AA）比值均大于2,均有少量丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA）检出。A₂和A₃组感官品质为优良;随着砂仁茎叶比例升高,青贮料pH显著升高,各处理组的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）和粗灰分（ASH）均呈现上升趋势;铵态氮/总氮（NH₃-N/TN）、LA和AA含量逐渐降低,且A₃组NH₃-N/TN显著低于CK和A₁组（P<0.05）;各处理组LA和AA含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,但各处理组间LA和AA含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;A₃组的DM、CP、EE和ASH含量显著高于CK（P<0.05）,水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量显著低于CK（P<0.05）,且A₁、A₂和A₃组间差异不显著（P>0.05）,中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于CK（P<0.05）;从营养价值和发酵品质考虑,建议砂仁茎叶与‘热研4号’王草以30∶70比例混合青贮较为适宜。

Effects of Mixed Silage of ‘Reyan No. 4’ with Amomum villosum Stem and Leaf on Its Nutritional Components and Fermentation Quality

In order to effectively utilize the agricultural waste in Tropical Zones, the nutritional composition and fermentation quality of ‘Reyan No. 4’ silage was studied by adding different proportions of Amomum villosum stem and leaf. The optimum proportion of mixed silage was selected to improve the nutritional quality of feed. According to the random design experiment, fresh stems and leaves of ‘Reyan 4’ Wangcao and A. villosum were mixed with ratios 100∶0 (CK), 90∶10 (Group A₁), 80∶20 (group A₂), 70∶30 (Group A ₃). Each group was treated with 10 mg/kg EM bacteria, and the samples were collected after 30 days of silage. LA/AA was greater than 2 in all groups, a small amount of propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) were detected. The sensory quality of A₂ and A₃ groups was excellent, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE) and crude ash (ASH) of each treatment group increased with the proportion of stem and leaf of A. villosum, the pH of silage increased significantly. The contents of ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH₃-N/TN), lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) decreased gradually. The content of NH₃-N/TN in A₃ were significantly lower than those in CK and A₁ Group (P<0.05), the contents of LA and AA in each treatment group were significantly lower than those in CK (P<0.05). However, the contents of LA and AA were not significantly different among the treatments (P>0.05). The contents of DM, CP, EE and ASH in A₃ were significantly higher than those in CK (P<0.05), and the content of WSC was significantly lower than those in CK (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among A₁, A₂ and A₃ (P>0.05). NDF and ADF contents were significantly lower than that of CK (P<0.05). 30∶70 ratio of A. villosum stem and leaf to ‘Reyan No. 4’ Wangcao is recommended for silage.