2020年我国水稻产业形势分析及2021年展望

在国家政策支持下,2020年我国水稻面积恢复增长至3 007.6万hm²,比2019年增加38.2万 hm²;受灾害偏重发生影响,水稻平均单产7 044.0 kg/hm²,降低15.0 kg/hm²,但仍为历史第2高;水稻总产2.1186亿t,增加225.0万t,连续10年稳定在2亿t以上。国内稻米市场价格持续上涨,特别是晚籼稻市场走势明显强于2019年,2020年12月稻谷收购价格2 740.3元/t,同比上涨9.0%;优质稻和普通稻价格分化明显,黄华占、丰两优等优质稻价格比普通品种每kg高0.2元以上。大米进口量恢复增长,2020年我国进口大米294.3万t,同比增长15.6%;出口大米230.5万t,减少16.1%。2020年品种审定数量继续大幅增加,市场结构持续优化,国审品种的总体优质化率超过50%。绿色发展稳步推进,绿色生产技术继续保持较快发展势头。分析了我国水稻生产存在的问题,展望了2021年水稻产业发展趋势：预计水稻面积小幅增加,单产稳定在7 050.0 kg/hm²,品种结构继续优化,大米市场平稳运行,绿色品种和技术推广应用加快。

Analysis of China’s Rice Industry in 2020 and the Outlook for 2021

With the national strong policy support, China’s rice area in 2020 reached 30 076 million hm² after several years of decline, an increase of 382,000 hm² from 2019. Affected by the severe occurrence of natural disasters, the average yield of rice in 2020 is 7 044.0 kg/hm², which is 15.0 kg/hm² lower than that in 2019, but it is still the second highest in history. The production of rice in 2020 reached 211.86 million tons, an increase of 2.25 million tons from 2019, and the total production of rice has stabilized at more than 200 million tons for 10 consecutive years. The domestic rice market prices keep rising, especially for the mid-late indica rice, whose price was much higher than that in 2019. In december 2020, the purchase price of mid-late indica rice was 2 740.3 yuan/t, a year-on-year increase of 9.0%. The prices of high-quality rice and common rice are totally different, the prices of high-quality rice such as Huanghuazhan and Fengliangyou are more than 0.2 yuan per kg higher than common varieties. The volume of rice imports increased again. In 2020, China imported 2.943 million tons of rice, an increase of 15.6% year-on-year; and exported 2.305 million tons of rice, decreased 16.1% from 2019. In 2020, the number of varieties approved continued to increase significantly, with more than 50% high quality rate for the national approved varieties, and the market structure was further optimized, the green technology in rice production revealed a momentum for rapid growth, pushing the green development in rice industry. In 2021, the rice area is expected to a slight increase from 2020, the yield is projected to be stable at 7 050.0 kg/hm², the variety structure will continue to be optimized, the rice market will remain stable, and the promotion and application of green varieties and technologies will be accelerated.